【课堂新坐标】2017届高考英语（通用版）二轮复习短文改错专题训练：考法2 句法错误（含解析）

　　考法2| 句法错误错误1——连接词有误1．(2016·全国乙卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.or→and　[fresh vegetables与high quality oil 是并列关系而非选择关系故将or改为and。]2．(2016·四川高考)Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother's Day.or→and　[both ...and ...表示“……和……都”。]3．(2015·四川高考)In fact, so→but　[前后句为转折关系而非因果关系应用but。]4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)There the air is clean or the mountains are green.or→and　[前后句为并列关系而非转折关系应用and。]5．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, 去掉but　[although和but不能连用应去掉but。]6．(2014·陕西高考)We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.

　　but→and　[前后为并列关系而非转折关系故把but改为and。]7．(2016·昆明一中模拟)One morning, while→when　[考查句式be about to...when ...表示“要做某事这时……”其中when为并列连词。]8．(2016·乐山市调查研究考试)By doing so, and→but　[not only ...but also ...不仅……而且……。] 9．(2016·吉林省实验中学模拟)Although we were exhausted, but we felt fulfilled on our way back home.去掉but　[though和but不能连用应去掉but。]10．(2016·山西省八所重点中学适应性考试)At home, And→But　[前后为转折关系故把And改为But。]感悟与反思并列连词错误主要有三种情况：①并列、选择、转折、因果几种关系的错用。②汉语中可以说although/though不能与but连用不能与so 连用。③常考句式：be about to...when ...中when的使用。错误2——从句引导词有误1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, where→that或去掉where　[found后为宾语从句引导词不作句子成分只起连接作用应用that引导并且that可省略。]2．(2015·浙江高If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.

　　If→Although/Though　[此处应为“虽然”应用although/though引导让步状语从句。]3．(2015·陕西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.after→when/while　[句意：我的唯一的错误是在我打包的时候把一些(饼干)掉在了地上。表示“当……的时候”应用when或while。]4．(2016·长春市十一高中仿真模拟)I know you have trouble communicating with others,

　　are new here and people don't know about you.

　　why→because　[前面的一句是原因而非结果应用that's because ...那是因为……。]5．(2016·长春市十一高中仿真模拟)We can take part in some activities together, when→where　[句意：我们可以一块参加活动在活动中我可以把你介绍给他人。此处引导词表示地点而非时间应用where。] 6．(2016·日照市二模)Generally speaking, that→which　[traditional Chinese culture是先行词其后为非限制性定语从句引导词在从句中作主语应用which。]7．(2016·银川一中模拟)I believe hard work is that it takes to accomplish my goal.that→what　[在is后为表语从句引导词在从句中作take的宾语应用连接代词what。]8．(2016·陕西师大附中模拟)That he told us is right, t most of the young people haven't realized this.

　　That→What　[is前为主语从句引导词在从句中作主语应用连接代词what。]9．(2016·绵阳南山中学热身试题)For us students, what→how　[在形容词busy前应用how表示“无论多忙”。]10．(2016·吉林省实验中学模拟)On an autumn afternoon, which→where　[a farm为先行词后跟定语从句引导词在定语从句中作地点状语应用where感悟与反思从句引导词错误主要有三种情况：①状语从句的引导词错误。②定语从句关系代词与关系副词的错用。③名词性从句中连接词、连接代词与连接副词的错用尤其是连接词that与连接代词what的错用。错误3——谓语动词有误1．(2016·全国甲卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.chose→choose　[情态动词后跟动词原形的原形是choose。]2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.telling→told　[此处and连接的两个先后发生的动作在时态上保持一致故应把telling改为told。]3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry.begun→began　[这里是对过去发生的事情的客观叙述应用一般过去时故begun应改为began。]4．(2015·四川高考)As I tell you last time, tell→told　[由句中的last time可判定此处应用一般过去时。]5．(2014·四川高考)Don't panic or get out of line, trying→try　[and连接的是并列谓语故panic和try应是并列关系。]6．(2014·辽宁高考)This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.starts→started　[由this morning和before 5 o'clock可知应用一般过去时。]7．(2016·抚顺市模拟)Unfortunately, polluted前加been　[environment与pollute为被动关系应用被动语态故在polluted之前加been。]8. (2016·吉林省实验中学模拟)In the past two and a half years, had→has　[由In the past two and a half years可判定应用现在完成时。]9．(2016·阳泉市模拟)Never shall I forgot my first English class in senior high school.forgot→forget　[本句为部分倒装后跟动词原形。]10．(2016·成都七中模拟)You can see people selling kites everywhere because our city was home to kites.was→is　[表示“我们的城市是风筝之乡”指的应是事实故用一般现在时。]感悟与反思谓语动词错误主要有三种情况：①动词的形式错误：过去式与过去分词错用助动词、情态动词后没有跟动词原形。②时态、语态的错用：应根据时间状语或逻辑关系判定时态和语态。③误把动词用作非谓语动词。错误4——非谓语动词有误1．(2015·四川高考)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.sing→singing　[spend time doing sth.花时间做某事。]2．(2015·浙江高考)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.felt→feel　[make后跟不带to的不定式作宾补即make sb.do sth.表示“使某人做某事”。]3．(2015·浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.sit→sitting　[enjoy后跟动词－ing形式作宾语。]4．(2015·陕西高考)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!enjoy→enjoying　[在介of后需跟动词－ing形式。] 5．(2014·陕西高考)He wanted teach me about animals, teach前加to　[want to do sth.想要做某事。]6．(2014·陕西高考)One evening at sunset, have→having　[句意：一天傍晚日落时分我们坐在火旁吃烧烤。如果第二个逗号后有and前后为并列关系没有逗号则后面为现在分词作伴随状语。]7．(2014·辽宁高考)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.understanding→understand　[It's difficult to do sth.做某事有困难。it为形式主语不定式为真正的主语。]8．(2016·山西省八所重点中学适应性考试)Learn knowledge is the most important thing at school.Learn→Learning　[is前为句子的主语部分表示一般状况应用动词－ing形式作主语。]9．(2016·昆明一中模拟)When looking around, an standing there with his arms folding.

　　folding→folded　[在with复合结构中与fold为动宾关系应用过去分词表示被动。]10．(2016·山西省八所重点中学适应性考试)Most children feel frighten when they first go to school, frighten→frightened　[feel为系动词后应跟表语表示“感到害怕的”用frightened。]感悟与反思非谓语动词错误主要有两种情况：①非谓语动词错用：应根据非谓语动词的功能及所作成分来判定用哪种非谓语动词。一般来说不定式表示尚未发生动词－ing形式表示主动进行过去分词表示被动完成。②误将非谓语动词用作谓语动词。错误5——助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气有误1．(2016·全国甲卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.去掉can或can→should　[suggest在此处表示“建议”后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”可省略。]2．(2015·四川高考)If you are me, are→were　[根据语境此处是对现在事实的假设条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时。]3．(2016·银川一中模拟)To realize my dream, can→must　[为了实现我的梦想我应该努力工作。此处应把can改为must。]4．(2016·长春外国语学校质检)Without your help, can→could　[此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句子主句应用“could/should/would/might＋have＋过去分词”由此可could。]5．(2016·银川一中模拟)Scientists have found that blue must make people lose appetite.must→may/might　[句意：科学家已may/might。]6．(2016·南宁市适应性检测)When waiting to be served it's important that you would wait your turn.would→should　[It's important that sb.should do sth.某人做某事是非常重要的。]7．(2016·湖北省八校联考)You must put it somewhere else.I am sure it will turn up soon.must后加have　[此处是针对过去的肯定推测表示“肯定把它放在某个别的地方了”应用“must have done”。]8．(2016·西工大附中适应性训练)Not until then she understand what friendship was.she前加did　[本句为部分倒装缺少助动词根据not until then可知表示过去故加did。]9．(2016·黑龙江省实验中学模拟)Without their help or advice, ifferent.

　　will→would　[句意：如果没有他们的帮助和建议我的生活会大不一样。主句为表示与现在相反的虚拟语气用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”由此可知应用would。]10．(2016·哈尔滨市第六中学模拟)Dear fellow students, it's high time that we pay attention to this phenomenon.

　　pay→paid或在pay前加should。　[在it's time that ...句式中从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。]感悟与反思助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气错误主要有三种情况：①助动词缺失：助动词可以帮助构成疑问句、否定句、部分倒装句以及强调动作进行。②情态动词的错用：应熟记情态动词的基本含义及用法如表示“必须”应用must而非can；表示对现在的推测其构成是“情态动词＋动词原形”表示对过去的推测其构成是“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”。③虚拟语气中动词的形错误6——特殊句式(强调、倒装)与其他(there be结构、感叹句)有误1．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.They→There　[句意：上午有三节课下午有两节课。此处为there be结构。]2．(2016·广东省六校模拟)It was three years ago when the English Club was born.when→that　[本句为强调句型故把when改为that。]3．(2016·长春外国语学校质检)Only in this way the students improve their study efficiency.the students前加can　[句意：只有以这种方式同学们才能提高学习效率。本句为部分倒装缺少助动词can。]4．(2016·呼和浩特市调研考试)Oh,

　　Anyway, please send my best wishes to your parents...

　　what→how　[此处为感叹句修饰动词用how。]5．(2016·哈尔滨市第三中学模拟)Once upon a time, (古怪的)．it→there　[句意：从前有个男孩父母给他起名叫Odd。此处为there be结构。] 6．(2016·张家口市考前模拟)It was seven years ago I watched Beijing Olympic badminton games.ago后加that　[本句为强调句型缺少that。]7．(2016·济南市模拟)There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust.have→are　[句意：如果你求教所信任的人会有一些好处。此处为there be结构。]8．(2016·西宁市复习检测)It was my English teacher's encouragement who helped me out.who→that　[此处为强调句型强调my English teacher's encouragement不指人故用that而不用who。]9．(2016·海口市调研测试)It is no doubt that mothers play a vital role in their children's daily life.It→There　[there is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……]10．(2016·河南省八市重点高中质检)It was her advice which made me a better speaker and full of confidence.which→that　[此处为强调句型应把which改为that。]感悟与反思特殊句式与其他错误主要有四种情况：①强调句型的错用主要是that的错用。②倒装句助动词的缺失。③There be结构中there的错用特别是与it的错用误把there be用成there have。④感叹句中how与what的错用。