Children with autism have difficulty with social skills and communication. They often behave in restricted and repetitive ways and have what seem like abnormally intense interests.
A widely used medical guide will list autism under a new definition and name, "autism spectrum disorder." The changes will appear in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, to be published in May.
The "spectrum" represents a group of developmental brain disorders, ranging from mild to severely disabling. A milder form commonly called Asperger’s syndrome will no longer be listed as a separate disorder with its own name.
Autism is more common in boys than girls. What causes it is not clear. Scientists are studying genes and possible environmental influences.
Doctors usually cannot confirm a diagnosis of autism until a child is about three years old. Rebecca Landa is a researcher at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Maryland. Professor Landa wanted to find out what differences in development might be seen earlier. She led a new study that observed 235 babies between six and 36 months of age.
"At six months of age, the signs of some risk for developing communication and social delays, including autism, include motor delays. Like when you lay your baby on their back and you pull them by the arms gently into a seated position, the baby’s head may nod back behind the shoulders, like poor head control. So that does not mean that the baby is going to have autism, but it does mean the baby needs to have some exercises to strengthen their body. And when they strengthen their body, they are better able to play with toys and engage with people, which then goes on to help them have better outcomes."
By the time a baby is one year old, signs of possible autism include difficulty in using words and not looking eye-to-eye or reaching out to other people. By 14 months, the baby might smile less and use language less. However, Professor Landa says these signs can be so small that they might be missed during a short health exam.
"It’s important for parents to stay tuned in to their children’s development, and if a parent is concerned about a child’s development, for professionals to listen to them."
The earlier parents notice delays, she says, the sooner they can begin doing simple things that may help improve their child’s development. For example: talking to the child about what they are doing, commenting when the child shows them something, and playing simple games that keep the child’s attention.
GRE数学考试复习注意事项
新GRE数学备考经验分享
GRE数学机经使用时应注意以下几点
GRE数学复习4大注意事项
GRE数学考场应对技巧2则
GRE数学考试高分技巧与策略
GRE数学单位转换三点注意事项
完美应对GRE数学考试图表题
GRE数学sub考试注意事项
GRE数学考察点是什么?
如何选GRE数学参考书?
GRE数学做题如何提高
新GRE数学复习中的技巧
GRE数学备考技巧介绍:画图法
GRE数学:难题不一定是重点题
怎样判定你的GRE数学成绩是高是低?
GRE数学:数学笔记如何记
GRE数学高分的复习方法
果断与GRE数学粗心说“拜拜”
GRE数学单位转换的关键点
GRE数学考场两点应对技巧
GRE数学高分复习经验分享
GRE数学冲刺:如何?何时?
如何避免GRE数学考题陷阱
GRE考试三星期复习备考高分攻略
如何克服GRE数学做题慢的弊端?
GRE数学备考技巧介绍:代入检验
GRE数学备考四大注意事项
GRE数学冲刺阶段的备考建议
如何提高GRE数学做题速度?
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |