莫迪清华大学演讲全文[1]

Qiu Yong, President of Tsinghua University,

Foreign Minister Wang Yi,

Shi Yigong, Assistant President of Tsinghua University,

I am truly delighted to be at the Tsinghua University today.

You are a world class institution. You are a symbol of success of China’s education sector.

You are the foundation for China’s economic miracle. You have produced great leaders, including President Xi.

It is not surprising that China’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science and technology have taken place together.

I particularly like the old Chinese saying, If you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if you think in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.

In India, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhan pradhanam

The wealth that increases by giving, That wealth is knowledge and is supreme of all possessions.

This is one example of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.

There is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.

I began my journey in China in Xian. In doing so, I retraced the footsteps of the Chinese monk Xuanzang.

He travelled to India from Xian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to Xian as a friend and chronicler of India.

President Xi’s visit in India last September started from Ahmedabad. It is not far from Vadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted Xuanzang and many pilgrims from China.

The world’s first large scale educational exchange programme took place between India and China during the Tang Dynasty.

Records talk of about 80 Indian monks coming to China and nearly 150 Chinese monks returning after their education in India. And yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.

Mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with China.

And, those who love silk and textiles know that India’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves to three brothers from my state of Gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from Chinese masters in the 19th century.

And, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical Sanskrit language is called Cinapatta.

So, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.

It is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.

It is reflected in the human values of Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis, a doctor from India, who treated soldiers in China during the Second World War.

Today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, India and China stand at a rare moment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.

Perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of China and India.

The world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformation on a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.

China’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.

India is now the next frontier of the economic revolution.

We have the demography for it. About 800 million people in India are below the age of 35 years. Their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for India’s economic transformation.

We now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.

Over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. And, we have acted with speed, resolve and boldness to implement it.

We have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign direct investments. This includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.

We are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. We are using digital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.

We are building a tax regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that will integrate the Indian market.

We are scaling up investments in next generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways, airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.

Our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. And, we will make sure that land acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.

We are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world class manufacturing sector.

We are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost our growth.

Like China, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.

We are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminate poverty and create security for the poor.

We have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.And, we are ensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.

We have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.

This won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.

Above all, we are changing the way we govern ourselves – not just in the way we work in New Delhi, but also in the way we work together with state governments, districts and cities.

Because we know, as you do, that our vision may be formed in Delhi, but our success will be determined by state capitals.

That is why I am here today with two Chief Ministers, which is a new aspect of our foreign policy. And, for the first time for India, Premier Li and I will sit with provincial leaders and chief ministers to discuss our partnership.

I know that rewriting policies can be easier than changing mindsets and work culture. But, we are on the right path.

You will feel the change in India. And, you can see it in our growth rate. It has now increased to 7.5%, and we are encouraged by international experts speak in one voice of higher growth rates.

In many ways, our two countries reflect the same aspirations, similar challenges and the same opportunities.

We can be inspired by each other’s successes.

And, in the global uncertainties of our times, we can reinforce each other’s progress.

Perhaps, no other economy in the world offers such opportunities for the future as India’s. And, few partnerships are as filled with promise as ours.

During President Xi’s visit last September, we set for ourselves a new level of ambition for our cooperation.

Partnership in modernizing Indian railways, two Chinese industrial parks in India, commitments of 20 billion dollars in investments into India over the next five years partnership in our Make in India Mission: This is the shape of our future.

Tomorrow in Shanghai, we will see the agreements on first of those partnerships between our industries.

But, to maintain this partnership over the long run, we must also improve the access of Indian industry to the Chinese market. I am encouraged by President Xi’s and Premier Li’s commitment to resolve this problem.

As much as our bilateral cooperation, our international partnership will be important for each other’s success.

Our changing world has created new opportunities and challenges.

We both face instability in our shared neighbourhood that can threaten our security and slow down our economies.

The spreading tide of extremism and terrorism is a threat we both face; for both, its source is in the same region.

We must also deal with the changing character of terrorism that has made it less predictable and more diffuse.

We source a large part of our energy from the same region that faces instability and uncertain future.

India and China conduct their international commerce on the same sea lanes. The security of sea lanes is vital for our two economies; and, our cooperation is essential to achieve it.

Equally, we both seek to connect a fragmented Asia. There are projects we will pursue individually. There are few such as the Bangladesh, China India Myanmar Corridor that we are doing jointly.

But, geography and history tell us that the dream of an interconnected Asia will be successful, when India and China work together.

We are two countries that have gained a lot from an open, rule-based global trading system. Equally, we have most to lose if it breaks down.

We both have enormous stakes in the international negotiations on climate change. Our cooperation in these forums will be crucial to shape their outcomes.

Today, we speak of Asia’s resurgence. It is the result of the rise of many powers in the region at the same time.

It is an Asia of great promise, but also many uncertainties.

Asia’s re- emergence is leading to a multi-polar world that we both welcome.

But, it is also an unpredictable and complex environment of shifting equations.

We can be more certain of a peaceful and stable future for Asia if India and China cooperate closely.

A resurgent Asia is seeking a bigger voice in global affairs. India and China seek a greater role in the world. It may be reforms in the United Nations Security Council or the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

But, Asia’s voice will be stronger and our nation’s role more influential, if India and China speak in one voice – for all of us and for each other.

Simply put, the prospects of the 21st century becoming the Asian century will depend in large measure on what India and China achieve individually and what we do together.

The rising fortunes of 2.5 billion pairs of joined hands will be of the greatest consequence for our region and the humanity.

This is the vision that I share with President Xi and Premier Li.

This is the impulse that is driving our relationship.

In recent years, we have deepened our political engagement. We have kept our borders peaceful. We have managed our differences and not allowed them to impede closer cooperation. We have enhanced our cooperation across the full spectrum of our relationship.

Yet, if we have to realise the extraordinary potential of our partnership, we must also address the issues that lead to hesitation and doubts, even distrust, in our relationship.

First, we must try to settle the boundary question quickly.

We both recognise that this is history’s legacy. Resolving it is our shared responsibility to the future. We must move ahead with new purpose and determination.

The solution we choose should do more than settle the boundary question.

It should do so in a manner that transforms our relationship and not cause new disruptions.

We have been remarkably successful in maintaining peace and tranquility along the border.

We must continue to do that on the principle of mutual and equal security.

Our agreements, protocols and border mechanisms have been helpful.

But, a shadow of uncertainty always hangs over the sensitive areas of the border region.

It is because neither side knows where the Line of Actual Control is, in these areas.

That is why I have proposed resuming the process of clarifying it. We can do this without prejudice to our position on the boundary question.

We should think of creative solutions to issues that have become irritants – from visa policies to trans-border rivers.

Sometimes, small steps can have a deep impact on how our people see each other.

We are both increasing our engagement in our shared neighbourhood. This calls for deeper strategic communication to build mutual trust and confidence.

We must ensure that our relationships with other countries do not become a source of concern for each other. And, wherever possible and feasible, we should work together, as we did in responding to the earthquake in Nepal.

If the last century was the age of alliances, this is an era of inter-dependence. So, talks of alliances against one another have no foundation.

In any case, we are both ancient civilizations, large and independent nations. Neither of us can be contained or become part of anyone’s plans.

So, our partnership in international forums should not be determined by the concerns of others, but the interests of our two countries.

China’s support for India’s permanent membership of a reformed UN Security Council, and for India’s membership of export control regimes like Nuclear Suppliers Group will do more than just strengthen our international cooperation.

It will take our relationship to a new level.

It will give Asia a stronger voice in the world.

If we are able to deepen mutual trust and confidence, we will also be able to reinforce each other’s efforts of connecting Asia with itself and rest of the world.

Our soldiers face each other on the border, but we should also deepen our defence and security cooperation to address our many common challenges.

Above all, as we look ahead, we must build more bridges of familiarity and comfort between our people.

About 33% of the world’s population is either Indian or Chinese. Yet, our people know very little of each other.

We must seek inspiration from the pilgrims of the ancient times, who braved the unknown in search of knowledge, and enriched us both.

So, we have decided to extend electronic tourist visas to Chinese nationals. We are celebrating the “Year of India” in China in 2015. We are launching the ‘Provincial and State Leaders Forum’ today.

Later today, we will have the Yoga-Taichi event. It will represent the coming together of our two civilizations.

We are starting the Gandhi and India Study Centre in Fudan University and a college of Yoga in Kunming.

The second route to Kailash Mansarovar for Indian pilgrims will start in June, for which I want to thank President Xi.

These are just some of the many steps India and China are taking to bring the world’s two largest populations in closer contact.

For this reason, I chose to speak today at a university.

Because it is the youth that will inherit the future of our countries and the responsibility for our relationship.

President Xi has spoken eloquently about the inter-connected dreams of China and India and the new type of relationship between major countries.

Not only are our dreams inter-connected, our future is also deeply inter- connected.

We are at a moment, when we have the opportunity to make our choices.

India and China are two proud civilizations and two great nations that will fulfill their destinies.

We each have the strength and the will to choose our own paths to success.

But, we have the ancient wisdom to know that our journey will be smoother and our future brighter, when we will walk together, confident of one another, and in step with each other.

Thank you very much and thanks for your invitation, thanks a lot.

下页为讲稿中文

印度总理莫迪在清华大学演讲全文

清华大学，北京

2015年5月15日

今天，我非常高兴能够来到清华大学。这是一个世界一流的高等学府，你们是中国教育界成功的标志。你们是造就中国经济奇迹的坚实基础。

中国经济迅速增长，同时，在研究、科学和技术领域也取得了领先地位，这并非偶然。

中国有句古话说得非常好：“一年之计，莫如树谷;十年之计，莫如树木;终身之计，莫如树人。”在印度也有同样的说法，“财富的增长源于给予，财富就是知 识，高于一切身外之物。”知识这种财富是随着你的给予而越来越多的，当所有人都拥有时就达到了极致。这是我们两国之间永恒智慧统一的实例。

当然，连接我们两个文明古国的事物还有很多。

我来到中国的首站是西安，这是因为我要追随中国古代僧人玄奘的足迹。公元七世纪，为了寻求知识，他从西安出发前往印度，并作为印度的友人和年代史编者返回到西安。

去年九月份，习近平主席从艾哈迈达巴德开始对印度进行访问。那里离我的出生地瓦德纳加尔并不遥远，但更重要的原因是这里曾招待过玄奘和多位中国僧人。

中印两国首次大规模的教育交流项目始于唐朝。据记载，共有大约80名印度僧人来到中国，有将近150名中国僧人在印度结束学业后返回。当然了，这些都发生在10和11世纪。

孟买崛起成为一个港口和一个造船中心，就和中国的棉花贸易分不开。喜爱丝绸和纺织品的人都知道，印度著名的沙丽服来自于古吉拉特邦的三兄弟，这三人是在 19世纪时期从中国大师那里学到了编织艺术。在古代贸易中，丝绸在经典梵语中被称为支那帕塔（Cinapatta）。

所以，我们两国间的悠久历史源自灵性、学习、艺术和贸易等方面。这是两国互相尊重彼此的文化以及共享繁荣的美好画卷。这反映在柯棣华医生所表现出的价值观上，这位来自印度的医生曾在第二次世界大战期间在中国救治士兵。

如今，经历了历史上的黑暗和困苦时期后，中印两国正处在世界发生各种变革的罕见历史时刻。也许，这个时代最显著的变化就是中印两国的复兴。这两个世界上人 口最多的国家正在经历史上前所未有的大规模和快速的经济和社会变革。?中国在过去三十年中取得的成功已经改变了全球经济的特征。印度现已成为经济革命的最 新前沿。

我们对此进行了人口统计。印度有大约8亿人口处在35岁之下。他们的雄心壮志、精力、事业心和技能将成为印度经济转型的重要力量。我们现在颁布相关政令并决意让这变成现实。

过去的一年间，我们一直怀着清晰而一致的目标前行。为了实现目标，我们也采取了迅速、坚决而果敢的行动。

我们采取彻底的政改措施，更加开放外商直接投资。这其中包括保险、建筑、 防御和铁路等新领域。我们正在消除不必要的规章，简化程序，通过使用数字技术消除多重批准和无期限等待。

我们正在打造可预测、稳定且具有竞争性的税务体制，从而整合印度市场。我们正在加大对新一代基础设施的投资—公路、港口、铁路、机场、电信、数字网络 以及清洁能源等。我们通过迅速、透明的方式分配资源。我们相信，土地征用将不会成为经济增长的障碍或是农民的负担。

我们正在打造全球技术库，准备把印度建设成一个拥有世界一流的制造业的现代经济体。我们正在振兴农业，改变农民的命运，推动经济增长。

和中国一样，城市改造也是为经济增添活力的必要途径和重要渠道。我们正在将传统战略与现代经济手段结合在一起，消除贫穷，为穷苦人民建立保障。

我们已经推出了一些主要的金融包容项目，为没有存款的人提供资金，并为穷苦人民提供直接有效的福利。我们保证将保险和养老金计划延伸至覆盖最贫穷的人。

我们己经设置了限时目标，改善整体住房、用水和环境卫生条件。这不仅可以改善人民生活，同时还可催生经济动力的新源头。

首先，我们要改变执政方式—不仅是在首都新德里的政府办事方法，还包括州、区和市政府的执政方法。因为我们明白，虽然我们的政令是在新德里形成的，但 是决定成功的还是各州政府。这也是为什么我今天会和两位首席部长一起出席，这是我们外交政策的新风貌。并且，我和李克强总理将与省级领导人以及首席部长们 讨论合作事宜，这在印度史上尚属首次。我知道与改变心态和工作文化相比，重改政策会更加容易。但是我们会坚持这条正确道路的。

你能够感受到印度的变化。同样，你也可以从经济增长率中看到变化。我国经济增长率已达到7.5%，国际专家们也一致表示，我们的增长率会更高，这让我们倍受鼓舞。

在很多方面，我们两国都反映出相同的愿景，拥有相似的挑战和相同的机遇。彼此的成功能够给对方以启发。在当前国际形势不确定时期，我们可以支持彼此的发展进程。也许，没有哪个国家能像印度这样提供如此的机遇。也很少有合作伙伴能像我们这样充满诚信。

去年九月习主席访印期间，我们为自己制定了更高的合作目标。合作推进印度铁路现代化工程、在印度建设2个中国产业园区，承诺在今后五年内向印度投资200亿美元完成“印度制造”的目标：这就是我们未来的雏形。明天，我们将在上海见证首批合约的签订。

但是，为了保证这些合作能够长期进行，我们也必须加大印度产业进军中国市场的步伐。习主席和李总理承诺会解决这个问题，这让我很受鼓舞。和我们之间的双边合作一样，国际间的合作对我们两国彼此的成功也尤为重要。

我们这个瞬息万变的世界已经创造了很多新的机遇和挑战。我们都要面对来自周围邻国的不稳定因素，这些国家会威胁我们的安全，减缓我们的经济发展速度。极端 主义和恐怖主义的蔓延是我们共同面临的威胁;因为我们处在相同的区域内。我们还必须处理恐怖主义不断变化、更难预测、传播范围更广的难题。我们在这方面的 能力大都来自同样面临不稳定和不确定未来的地区。

印度和中国在相同的海上航道实施国际贸易。海上航道的安全对两国的经济至关重要;我们之间的合作对于保证安全来说十分重要。

同样，我们都力图把亚洲各国连接起来。我们各自也在进行着不同的项目。很少有像孟加拉国-中国-印度-缅甸走廊这样的机会让我们可以进行合作。但是，地理位置和历史告诉我们，当印度和中国联手合作起来时，打造互通的亚洲这个美梦才会实现。

我们两个国家都从开放、以规则为导向的全球贸易体系中获益良多。同样，如全球贸易体系被破坏，我们也会损失惨重。我们在关于气候变化的国际协商中发挥着重要作用。两国在这些论坛中的合作对于其结果非常重要。

如今，我们常说亚洲的复兴。这源自该区域内多支力量的同时崛起。亚洲的前景光明，同时也充满着许多不确定因素。亚洲的复兴将形成一个多极化的世界，这也是我们都乐于见到的。但是，这同时也是一个不可预知的复杂环境。

我们确信，如果中印两国更加紧密地合作，亚洲就会拥有和平、稳定的未来。

复兴的亚洲正在争取更多地参与国际事务。中印两国也希望在全球扮演更重要的角色。这可能是改革联合国安理会或是全新的亚洲基础设施投资银行。但是如果中印两国的意见统一，彼此互惠互利，那么亚洲的声音就会更加强大，我们的国家就会拥有更强的影响力。

简单来说，21世纪将成为亚洲的世纪，这一前景在很大程度上取决于中印两国各自的收获以及合作的事项。25亿双手合力创造的财富对于整个亚洲和人民都将是最伟大的成果。这是我与习主席和李总理的共同愿景，也是我们合作的动力。

近几年，我们已经加深了政治参与。我们维护了两国边境的和平。我们合理处理分歧，不让这些因素破坏两国间亲密的合作关系。我们已经全力提升了两国间的合 作关系。然而，如果我们要实现彼此间合作的非凡潜力，我们就必须解决可能导致两国间犹豫和怀疑甚至不信任的问题。

首先，我们必须努力迅速解决边境争端问题。我们都承认这是历史遗留问题。解决此问题是我们共同肩负的责任。我们需怀着新的目标和决心前行。我们选择的解决方案应该不仅仅能够解决边境问题。它应该能够改善我们之间的关系，并不会造成新的混乱。

一直以来，我们在维护边境和平宁静方面都取得了显著成效。我们一直坚持相互平等的安全原则。我们签订的合约、协议以及边境机制很有成效。但是，在敏感的 边境区域仍存留一些不确定阴影。这是因为双方均不知道这些地区的实际控制线。这也是我提出重新明确实际控制线的原因。我们能够在不影响边境问题姿态的情况 下处理该事宜。

我们应该提出创新型的解决办法，从签证政策到跨境河流都要涉及。有时，微小的举措也会对彼此人民的态度产生深远的影响。我们彼此都在增加对周边地区事务的参与度。这就需要更深层次的战略沟通，以增强互信。

我们必须保证彼此与他国间的关系将不会成为彼此担忧的源泉。在任何可能或可行的条件下，我们都要携手并进，就像在尼泊尔地震中所做出的回应一样。如果上世 纪是联盟的年代，那么，如今就是相互依存的年代。所以说，结盟反抗其他国家就没有意义。在任何情况下，我们都是文明古国，伟大而独立的国家。中印两国任何 一方都不会被纳入到对方的国家计划之中。所以，我们参与的国际论坛不应该成为彼此的担忧，而是两国间的互利。

中国支持印度在改革后的联合国安理会中成为永久成员，并支持印度在出口控制制度的成员权限，如核供应集团，这些将有助于更好地加强我们的国际合作。这将促使我们的合作达到新高度。

如果我们能够深化互信，我们也能够巩固彼此与亚洲甚至是世界的沟通。尽管我们两国的士们要在边境上互相面对，但是我们应该深化国防与安全的合作，以应对诸多共同的挑战。尤其是，展望未来，我们必须建造更多互通桥梁，让两国人民安心。

全球大约40%的人口是印度人或是中国人。然而两国间的人民却不甚了解彼此。我们需要从古代僧人互访中吸取灵感，敢于为了寻求知识，突破未知界限，从而互惠彼此。

因此，我们决定向中国公民开放电子游客签证。我们即将庆祝2015年中印交流年。今天，我们就将启动省级和州级领导人论坛。今天晚些时候，我们还将举办瑜 伽-太极活动。此次活动代表两国文明的相互交融。我们将在复旦大学开办甘地及印度研究中心，并在昆明成立瑜伽学院。

这些只是中印两国为促进两个世界人口大国更紧密联系所采取的部分举措。也正是出于这个原因，我今天选择在清华大学演讲。因为只有年轻人才能够继承两国的未来，承担两国合作的责任。

习主席已经生动地阐释了中印两国的互通梦，以及和主要大国间的新型合作关系。不仅我们的梦想是互通的，两国的未来也是深深的相互依存的。此刻，正是我们有机会做出选择的时候。

印度和中国是两个值得骄傲的文明大国，两国必将圆满完成既定的目标。我们都有能力并且愿意选择自己的道路获取成功。但是，古代智慧结晶告诉我们，只有我们携手共进，坚持互信，步调统一，才能使我们发展的道路更加顺利，我们的未来也会更加光明!

谢谢！