威廉·莎士比亚不仅是英国有史以来最伟大的剧作家,他对英语的贡献也许只有马丁路德之于德语、普希金之于俄语才能相比。
除了为英语增添“to be or not to be”这样的名句,莎士比亚还首创了约1700个单词,占他作品中的单词总数的10%。他从拉丁语等外语中借鉴了许多外来词,还改变了一些词语的词性。某种程度上看,如果不是他,雅思、托福、GRE的词汇书可能会薄上不少呦!
以下是由莎士比亚发明,至今仍被广泛使用的10个英文单词:
Addiction n. 嗜好
Some to dance, some to make bonfires, each man to what sport and revels his addiction leads him.
跳舞的跳舞,放焰火的放焰火,每一个人都可以随他自己的高兴尽情欢乐。
——《奥赛罗》第二幕第二场
Cold-blooded adj. 冷血的
Thou cold-blooded slave.
你这冷血的奴才。
——《约翰王》第三幕第一场
Dawn n. 黎明
Next day after dawn.
第二天天一亮。
——《亨利五世》第四幕第一场
Eyeball n. 眼球,眼珠
Be subject to no sight but thine and mine, invisible to every eyeball else.”
除了你我之外不要让别人的眼睛看见你。
——《暴风雨》第一幕第二场
Generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的
Most generous sir.
最慷慨的先生。
——《爱的徒劳》第五幕第一场
Half-blooded adj. 杂种
Half-blooded fellow.
杂种。
——《李尔王》第五幕第三场
Laughable adj. 可笑的
Though Nestor swear the jest be laughable.
即使涅斯托发誓说那笑话很可笑。
——《威尼斯商人》第一幕第一场
Manager n. 经理
Where is our usual manager of mirth?
我们一向掌管戏乐的人在哪里?
——《仲夏夜之梦》第五幕第一场
Skim milk n. 脱脂牛奶
O, I could divide myself and go to buffets, for moving such a dish of skim milk with so honourable an action!
啊!我恨不得把我的身体一分为二,自己把自己痛打一顿,因为我瞎了眼睛,居然会劝诱这么一个胆小鬼参加我们的壮举。
——《亨利四世》第二幕第三场
Uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
Uncomfortable time, why camest thou now to murder, murder our solemnity?
悲痛的命运,为什么你要来打破、打破我们的盛礼?
——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》第四幕第五场
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