1.The Sword of Damocles
达摩克利斯之剑
这个说法源自古希腊传说:迪奥尼修斯国王(Dionysius)邀请他贪婪的大臣达摩克利斯(Damocles)坐在自己的宝座之上掌管王位,达摩克里斯却发现自己坐在用一根马鬃悬挂的一把寒光闪闪的利剑下,仓皇而逃。
迪奥尼修斯王用这个故事说明,国王的幸福和安乐都是假象,极大的财富和权力也意味着巨大的责任和危险。
肯尼迪总统(President John F. Kennedy)曾在联合国大会(United Nations General Assembly)中用过这个习语,他说:
Every man, woman and child lives under a nuclear sword of Damocles, hanging by the slenderestof threads, capable of being cut at any moment by accident or miscalculation or by madness.
每个男人、女人和孩子都生活在核武器的达摩克利斯之剑之下,被一根最细的线吊着,随时可能因意外或疯狂而被切断。
2.Achilles' Heel
阿克琉斯之踵
Thetis (Achilles' mother) dipped Achilles into the river Styx to make him immortal. Unfortunately,she missed one heel.
忒提斯(阿喀琉斯的母亲)把阿喀琉斯浸入冥河使他不朽。不幸的是,她错过了一只脚跟。
“阿喀琉斯之踵”出自古希腊神话,意为一个人的弱点或缺陷。
阿喀琉斯的母亲把婴儿的阿喀琉斯浸在冥河水(the river Styx)中,使他拥有了无穷的力量和不朽。他成为了希腊最伟大的英雄,直到在特洛伊战争(the Trojan War)中,特洛伊王子帕里斯(Trojan prince Paris)一箭射中他的脚跟,结束了他的性命。这是因为,阿喀琉斯全身上下都曾被冥河水浸没,除了他母亲紧紧抓住的脚脖子。
例句:
He is a star quarterback, but his injury-prone throwing arm is his Achilles' heel.
他是一个明星四分卫,但是他容易受伤的投掷手臂是他的阿喀琉斯之踵。
3.Caught Between Scylla and Charybdis
陷入斯库拉和卡律布狄斯之间
This map shows the Strait of Messina, the site of the twin menaces Scylla and Charybdis.
这张地图显示了墨西拿海峡,被斯库拉和卡律布狄斯共同威胁的地点。
“陷入斯库拉和卡律布狄斯之间”的这个说法,来源于古希腊神话中英雄奥德修斯的故事。在今天,它表达着进退两难,左右为难的意思。
墨西拿海峡(Strait of Messina)被两个海妖(Scylla and Charybdis)守护着。斯库拉长着6个脑袋,捕获过往船只的水手;卡律布狄斯能够在一天之内三次吸入又吐出海峡中的水。在古希腊神话中,英雄奥德修斯(Odysseus)在特洛伊战争归来的航行中需要经过墨西拿海峡,他选择了靠近斯库拉,以避免整船倾覆的灭顶之灾,从而安全回家。
例句:
Pete would have preferred to be on good terms with both his wife and his mother, but the effortof pleasing one without offending the other was like steering between Scylla and Charybdis.
彼得也想与妻子和母亲都和谐共处,但是讨好一方都会触怒另一方,好比陷在斯库拉和卡律布狄斯之间一样,左右为难。
4.By the Skin of Your Teeth
紧贴牙齿的皮肤
“紧贴牙齿的皮肤”,意思是涉险逃生,九死一生。
在《圣经·约伯记》中,当约伯收到了上帝的百般考验后,他说道:
“My bone cleaveth to my skin, and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.”
“我的皮肉贴着骨头,我同牙齿的皮肤一起逃了出来。”
他的意思是,他的逃生空间就如同牙齿的皮肤一样稀薄。后来,作家桑顿·怀尔德(ThorntonWilder)的剧作《九死一生》(The Skin of Our Teeth)就以此命名。
例句:
What might have happened if you did not escape by the skin of your teeth?
假如你没有及时逃离,会发生什么?
5.The Writing is on the Wall
墙上的文字
Belshazzar's Feast,by Rembrandt
《伯沙撒的盛筵》,伦勃朗的名画
这个常见于资讯报道和文学读本的“墙上的文字”,指的是迫在眉睫的不吉祥的预兆(a sign orwarning of impending disaster)。它来源于《旧约·但以理书》(Book of Daniel)。
《旧约》中记载道,古巴比伦国王伯沙撒(King Belshazzar of Babylon)在宫廷设宴纵饮时,擅自使用了从耶路撒冷的圣殿中取来的高脚杯(goblets taken from the sacred temple in Jerusalem)。突然,墙上出现了一段看不懂的文字:“Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin.”国王让犹太先知但以理(Daniel)来解释,原来那是触怒上帝而即将大难临头的意思。
例句:
When two people are discussing the layoffs occurring in their company and one says to the other, "The writing is on the wall for all of us," she means their jobs are likely to be eliminated, too.
当两个人在谈论公司正在发生的裁员时,一个人对另一个说:“墙上的字是对我们所有人写的。”她的意思是,他们的工作也岌岌可危。
6.All Roads Lead to Rome
条条大路通罗马
You can still see portions of the Appian Way, which connected Rome to Brindisi, Italy, eventhough the road was constructed more than 2,000 years ago.
现在你仍旧可以看到亚壁古道,将罗马与意大利的布林迪西相连,而这条道路早在2000年前就被建成了。
“条条大路通罗马”的说法在12个世纪以前就已经存在了,这句话其实来源于真实的历史。今天,人们用这个说法用来表示,有不止一种方式都可以达成目的。
这条史上第一条的伟大道路,长达5万英里的亚壁古道(the Appian Way)由罗马人建于公元前312年。奥古斯都·凯撒大帝(Emperor Caesar Augustus)在罗马市中心树立了名为MilliariumAureum(金色里程碑)的碑石,从这座丰碑开始,所有道路向四周漫延,一路经过英国、西班牙,甚至到了北非!
例句:
Some people learn by doing. Others have to be taught. In the long run, all roads lead to Rome.
有些人从实践中学习。其他人需要教才会。长远来看,条条大路通罗马。
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