英语语法入门基础：特殊同位语总结

当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。基本形式的同位语大家一般不会出错，但有几种同位语，或由于本身结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。

1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语

Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?

They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。

She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。

He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。

We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。

2. 不定式用作同位语

Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)

He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)

3. -ing分词用作同位语

He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)

She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)

The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)

4. 形容词用作同位语

The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。

He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。

People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。

【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：

The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语

We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。

We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。

They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。

They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。

【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：

学生每人都有一本词典。

正：The students each have a dictionary.

误：The students each has a dictionary.

请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语)：

正：Each of the students has a dictionary.

6. 从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。