在英语写作中既要使用具体词,又要使用抽象词,关键是知道何时使用具体词,何时使用抽象词。作为抽象词的一种,总括语(summary words and expressions)是总结一类事物的共性而产生出来的囊括其下属所有个体的单词或词组。一个总括词可以概括许多细目词,举例如下:
recreation:seeing movies,watching TV,listening to music,singing,household appliances:TV set,recorder,telephone,washing
machine,refrigerator,air conditioner,etc.
sports:basketball,football,volleyball,baseball,badminton,fruit:banana,pear,apple,orange,watermelon,date,peach,在写作时巧妙地使用总括词可以使文句简洁明快,言简意赅。特别是在英文考试中,写作时间很有限,更需要用一些总括词来缩短篇幅,节省时间。例如:
If there were no electric power,recreational activities would be canceled and household appliances would become use-less.
试想,如果将recreational activities和household appliances换成它们的细目词,这个句子就会变得多么冗长乏力。但有些学生在写作时不会用总括词来代替写不完的细目词或者罗列举不完的例子,结果写出来的作文冗长而松散。细目或例子太多,会冲淡论点,甚至会使自己的写作偏离主题。由此可见,在必要时用总括词代替一长串细目词是一种写作技巧,它是人们说话少费口舌,写作少费笔墨的手段。
独自在家
Nature of the beast?
A card-carrying member?
True to form
平安夜的菜单
Rat rate?
周黎明:忠于现实才是大智慧[1]
Looking the other way?
Middle ground?
Like attracts like?
Coming to a head?
Pole position?
Benefit of the doubt
做个有趣的人
Ready to “Bang” Your English?[1]
Blind faith
Trickle-down economics?
Dyed in the wool?
Zombie company?
Stuff happens
Reshuffle the deck?
Father Time is undefeated
A long shot?
Far cry?
观摩美国大选电视辩论 学辩论英语
Make him tick?
Riding the pine?
周黎明:管他谁是真正的娘炮!
最烦发烧了!
Proof is in the pudding
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