2012年职称英语考试试题及答案-综合类C

　　第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　Brotherly Love

　　Adidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century.

　　Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes, World Cup-winning football heroes, Muhammad Ali, hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world. But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach, Germany.

　　Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker. They loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortable shoes to play in. Rudolph always said, You cannot play sports wearing shoes that youd walk around town with. So they started making their own. In 1920 Adolph made the first pair of athletics shoes with spikes(钉)，produced on the Dasslers kitchen table.

　　On lst July 1924 they formed a shoe company, Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many years. The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germanys athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games.

　　But in 1948 the brothers argued. No one knows exactly what happened, but family members have suggested that the argument was about money or women. The result was that Adolph left the company. His nickname was Adi, and using this and the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded Adidas.

　　Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too. At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but eventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat. The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has hardly changed since.

　　After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their companies have now been in competition for over sixty years. Both companies were for many years the market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma. A hip hop group, Run DMC, has even written a song called My Adidas and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok, another big sports shoe company.

　　The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over sixty years ago, the town has been split into two. Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees dont talk to each other.

　　16. Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention

　　【参考答案】：B

　　17. The brothers father was a ball maker.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention

　　【参考答案】：B

　　18. The brothers make shoes at home.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention

　　【参考答案】：A

　　19. The brothers argued about the shoes.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention

　　【参考答案】：B

　　20. The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention

　　【参考答案】：A

　　21. Nike makes more shoes than Adidas.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention

　　【参考答案】：C

　　22. People in town have forgotten their argument.

　　【参考答案】：B

　　第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

　　Who Built Gizas Pyramids(金字塔)

　　1 For centuries, the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture. But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure. But archeologists(考古学家)recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids. Close by, there was also a cemetery(墓地)where pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners. Ordinary Egyptians built them.

　　2 It took about eighty years to build the pyramids. According to archeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task. The workers had different roles. Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked on different teams, each with its own name. On a wall in Khufus Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. Teams often competed to do a job faster.

　　3 Life for these workers was hard. We can see that in their skeletons(骨架), says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery. The bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎), which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time. Archeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to the mens. Their lives may have been even tougher: male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt.

　　4 The work was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work. lts because they were not just building the tomb of their king, says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass. They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a participant.

　　23. Paragraph 1___A___

　　24. Paragraph 2___C___

　　25. Paragraph 3___D___

　　26. Paragraph 4___E___

　　A. Builders of the pyramids

　　B. Egyptian slaves

　　C. Pyramid builders jobs

　　D. Pyramid builders tough lives

　　E. An important national project

　　F. Female pyramid builders: the challenges

　　27. The pyramids of Giza were built ___F___

　　28. To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___C___

　　29. Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___B___

　　30. The pyramid builders were proud ___E___

　　A. of their king

　　B. from taking heavy things

　　C. on different teams

　　D. by foreigners

　　E. of their work

　　F. by ordinary Egyptians

　　The Changing Middle Class

　　The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.

　　The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine ones own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself. 2

　　But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of thechildren; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding ofjust what middle class meant was changing.

　　词汇：

　　designation /dezignei??n/ n. 称号 commute /k?mju:t/ n. 上下班路程

　　mobility /m?ubil?ti/ n. 流动性

　　注释：

　　1. However，middle c1ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. 然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。

　　2. In addition，middle-c1ass morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family，obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneslf. 另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

　　3. make ends meet：收支相抵，维持生活

　　4. put strains on：带来压力

　　练习：

　　1. The information in this passage deals with_______.

　　A) an individual

　　B) a social and economic group

　　C) a political organization

　　D) government

　　2. A common middle class value is that________.

　　A) people should always have fun

　　B) children should be seen and not heard

　　C) debt is nothing to worry about

　　D) the family is very important

　　3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_______.

　　A) overburdened and in debt

　　B) hard working and suspicious

　　C) prosperous and optimistic

　　D) young and foolish

　　4. The phrase In other words in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_____.

　　A) an exception to the previous idea

　　B) a denial of the previous idea

　　C) a restatement of the previous idea

　　D) a contrasting idea

　　5. The word collectively means______.

　　A) as a group

　　B) hesitatingly

　　C) unknowingly

　　D) weakly

　　答案与题解：

　　1. B 本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于?本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。

　　2. D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是?本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。

　　3. C 本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。

　　4. C 本题的问题是：第一段中的ln other words这个短语与下列说法一致的是，In other words汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。

　　5. A 本题的问题是：单词collectively的汉语意思是相同地，选择A。

　　Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)

　　Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.

　　Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the islands food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.

　　A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lts true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.

　　36、who lived in Puerto Rico first

　　A.the Africans

　　B.the Spanish

　　C.the Americans

　　D.the Taino people

　　【参考答案】：D

　　37、In the first paragraph the word it refers to

　　A.immigration

　　B.Caribbean history

　　C.the islands natural beauty

　　D.Puerto Rican cuisine

　　【参考答案】：D

　　38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?

　　A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking

　　B.Food imported by foreigners isnt really Puerto Rican

　　C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences

　　D.African foods have probably had the most influence

　　【参考答案】：C

　　39、How is sofrito used?

　　A.It is eaten before meals

　　B.It is added to other dishes

　　C.It is used where foods are too spicy

　　D.It is eaten as a main dish

　　【参考答案】：B

　　40、 which of the following is NOT true?

　　A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food

　　B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy

　　C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers

　　D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper

　　【参考答案】：A

　　The Changing Middle Class

　　The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges(特权). It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.

　　The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine ones own economic fate. In addition, middle-class morality(道德观) embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.

　　But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S. News World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet . Both spouses now worked, as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.

　　41. This passage gives information about

　　A. a social and economic group.

　　B. an individual.

　　C. a political organization.

　　D. a government department.

　　【参考答案】：A

　　42. In the years after World War II, the middle class were

　　A. overburdened and in debt.

　　B. hard working and doubtful.

　　C. happy and full of hope.

　　D. young and upset.

　　【参考答案】：C

　　43. One important middle-class value is that

　　A. people should always have fun.

　　B. children should believe in themselves.

　　C. debt is nothing to worry about.

　　D. they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles.

　　【参考答案】：D

　　44. In the second paragraph, the word collectively means

　　A. hesitatingly.

　　B. unknowingly.

　　C. weakly.

　　D. commonly.

　　【参考答案】：D

　　45. The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class

　　A. took pleasure in raising children.

　　B. had a regular journey to work.

　　C. could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles.

　　D. could easily maintain their lifestyles.

　　【参考答案】：C

　　第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)

　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

　　Forests for Cities

　　You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here. ___C____ (46) You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world. It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today its very popular with tourists and artists.

　　Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees. But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. ____D___ (47) They also stop the noise from heavy traffic. They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.

　　Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature. ___B__(48)

　　In some countries, people are starting new urban forests. In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.__E__ (49)

　　Some older cities dont have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters (通勤人员) feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business. ___A____ (50) In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities(超大城市) of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.

　　A.People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees

　　B.In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises

　　C.But you are not in rural area

　　D.Trees take pollution out of the air

　　E.In 2033，it will have 5 million trees

　　F.It has many kinds of birds in the country

　　Forests for Cities

　　The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (1) accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to (2) people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.

　　One possible (3) is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by (4) charges for parking and (5) tougher fines for anyone who (6) the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (7) as road pricing, is already being introduced in a (8) of cities, using a special electronic card (9) to the windscreen of the car.

　　Another way of (10) with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (11) of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the (12) stage of their journey.

　　Of course, the most important (13) is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to (14) the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (15) at an acceptable level.

　　词汇:

　　lengthy a. 漫长的，冗长的

　　persuade V. 说服，劝服

　　approach n.方法，途径

　　windscreen n. 汽车挡风玻璃

　　outskirt n. 郊区，市郊

　　reliable a. 可靠的，可信赖的

　　注释:

　　1. strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre: 严格控制进入城市中心的 车辆数量

　　2. public transport must be felt to be: 公共交通必须要让人感觉到

　　练习:

　　1. A) of B) for C) about D)by

　　2. A) make B) arrange C) suggest D)persuade

　　3. A) approach B) manner C) custom D)style

　　4. A) enlarging B) increasing C) growing D)developing

　　5. A) carrying down B) putting off C) bringing in D)taking away

　　6. A) crosses B) refuses C) breaks D)cracks

　　7. A) named B) seen C) ca lled D)known

　　8. A) quantity B) number C) total D)sum

　　9. A) fixed B) joined C) built D)placed

　　10. A) doing B) handling C) dealing D)solving

　　11 . A) outskirts B) border C) outside D)limit

　　12. A) late B) end C) complete D)final

　　13. A) thought B) thing C) work D)event

　　14. A) pass on B) throw away C) give up D)leave out

　　15. A) taken B) kept C) given D)stood

　　答案与题解:

　　1. A 固定搭配 the risk of ，表示的风险，所以 of 为正确答案。 其他三项均不合适。

　　2. D根据句意和动词后的介词 to ，排除选项 A 和 C，而 arrange 表示安排，整理，意思与作 者要表达的说服人们改变他们的生活习惯不符，所以 persuade 为正确答案。

　　3. A 联系上下文，可知这里提出的是一个解决问题的方法，approach 表示方法，途径，符合句意，为正确答案。manner 表示方式，风俗，custom 表示制定的，风俗，style 表示风格，样式，均不符合句意。

　　4. B 根据句意，这里是说要增加停车收费，increase 表示增加，符合句意，为正确答案。 enlarge 表示扩大，增大，grow 表示发展，develop 表示发展，开发，生长，均不符合句意。

　　5. C 根据句意，对那些违章的人的要加强收款，bringin 表示作为的收益，为正确答案。 carry down 表示搬下，结账，把传下来，put off 表示推迟，脱掉，take away 表示带 走，取走，均不符合句意。

　　6. C根据句意，违规的人将会被加大惩罚方度，break 表示打破符合句意。cross 表示交 叉，refuse 表示拒绝， crack 表示破裂，均不符合题意。

　　7. D 固定搭配 known as ，表示以为(人们)所熟知。

　　8. B根据句意，道路收费的系统已经被一些城市所引用，a number of 表示一些，符合句 意，为正确答案。quantity 表示大量，total 表示总数，sum 表示合计，总数，均不符合句意。

　　9. A fixed to 表示固定在上，文中是说固定在汽车的挡风玻璃上，所以选 A.其他三项都不符合句意。

　　10. C 根据句意，要求表达另一种处理这个问题的方法，deal with problem 表示处理问题， 为正确答案。.

　　11. A 联系上下文，作者后边提到城市中心，再根据句意，可得出前面说郊区，只有outskirt 是正确答案。

　　12. D final 表示最后的，根据句子可知这里表示旅程的最后一段，为正确答案。late 表示晚的，最近的，不符合句意; end 不可用在名词前作修饰;complete 表示完整的，也不符合句意。

　　13. Bthe most important thing为惯用语，表示最重要的事是，根据句意，作者要表达的是最重要的事情还是提供良好的公共交通，因此 thing 为正确答案，其他三项均不合适。

　　14. C pass on 表传递，继续，throw away 表示扔掉，丢弃，leave out 表示遗漏，省去，give up 表示放弃。根据句意，舍弃汽车的舒适，give up 最为恰当，所以选 C.

　　15. B 固定搭配 keep at an acceptable level 表示保持在一个可接受的水平。其他三项均不正确。