状语从句:
所谓状语从句,是指用来说明主句行为发生的时间、原因、条件、地点、目的、结果及方式等。
1) 时间状语从句:
记住以下连接词的意思和重点:
when / while / as
注意:while除了做时间状语的连接词外,还解释为虽然,而.
例如:He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.
before 在之前
until / not until注意:not until放在句首时,往往要求倒装
as soon as / once
immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副词,这里作连接词,表示一就,
例如: I knew I had made a mistake directly I had done it.
the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名词或副词,这里作连接词用。
hardly when / no soonerthan一就
注意:这是时间状语考试的重点句型,一是不要把两个句型中的when和than的搭配搞错了,二是要用倒装语序。
例如:
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.
重点:在时间状语中,用一般时代替将来时。
例如:
Well start as soon as the leader ______.
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根据英语时态一致性原则,主句与从句的时态应一致,答案似乎应该是B或C,但是正确答案是A,因为在时间状语中,用一般时代替将来时。将上句改为过去时,道理也一样:
He said we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案应为A
2) 条件状语从句:
分真实条件句和非真实条件句
重点:在条件状语中,用一般时代替将来时
虚拟语气
主要连接词:
if / unless
例如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解题思路:根据上面说过的连接原则,这里必须是一个连接词,而A,B都是介词,因此正确答案只能在C,D中选。whereas意为而,故正确答案为C.
provided / on condition that 知道这也是连接词就可以了,一般说,当考题中出现这种词时,应倾向选择。
3) 原因状语从句:
主要连接词:because/ since / as
要点:不要把连接词 because与介词短语because of 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since与表示时间的since自从相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as与表示时间的as随着相混淆;
顺便提一下, because表示直接因果关系,而since, as 是对事实的说明,主句和从句之间并不一定具有因果关系.
例如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.
这个句子用because连接就不太合适。好在军队职称考试中并不要求作这种分辨。
for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for从句,例如:
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. 该句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one. n
in that一般放在主句后面,例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.
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