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职称英语《综合类》考试语法讲解:句型

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  第四句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语

  有些动词后面需要或可以接双宾语结构,如:give, write, buy, send, make等

  You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.

  这个句子也可使用以下结构:

  You may send an E-mail or write a letter to him. 所以 to 和 for 是连接双宾语结构的重要介词。

  该句型的重点是要记住以下短语,特别是所用的介词:

  to cure of

  to accuse of

  to convince of

  to inform of

  to notify of

  to clean of

  to warn of / against

  to cheat of

  to rob of

  例如:

  We have to inform the family of the patients condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patients condition?

  注意下面句子的结构变化:

  May I ask you a question? May I ask a question of you?

  直接和间接宾语的位置与上面短语有何不同?

  第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

  先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。

  这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:

  1) 要不要 to的问题:

  The director wants you to come right now.

  句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 to连接。但是,以下情况例外:

  n make, let, have等使役动词,如:

  Shall I have him come here?

  I wont have him cheat me.

  上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 to,如:

  The nurse made the patient eat something.

  The patient was made to eat something.

  有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:

  His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes.

  记住下面重要表达方式:

  to have / get done, 如:

  I am going to have my watch repaired.

  n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:

  使用原则与上述大致相同。

  2) 要不要 it的问题:

  先看两个句子:

  We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. 该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find difficult. 括号部分为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语

  The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made clear. 括号部分为宾语,clear为宾语补足语

  归纳:

  n 在主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是动词不定式或句子时,要用it作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。

  n 考试时,判断要不要 it,主要看句子后面有没有动词不定式或句子,若有,要选 it

  n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语较长,宾语补足语较短时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在it的使用问题, 对下句作出判断:

  The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases.

  A. it possible

  B. possible

  C. it is

  D. it

  该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:

  The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.

  宾语 补足语

  3) 记住以下短语:

  to takeas

  to think ofas

  to regardas

  to refer toas

  关于五个基本句型,重点要掌握每个句型的出题点,举一反三。

  

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