第四句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语
有些动词后面需要或可以接双宾语结构,如:give, write, buy, send, make等
You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.
这个句子也可使用以下结构:
You may send an E-mail or write a letter to him. 所以 to 和 for 是连接双宾语结构的重要介词。
该句型的重点是要记住以下短语,特别是所用的介词:
to cure of
to accuse of
to convince of
to inform of
to notify of
to clean of
to warn of / against
to cheat of
to rob of
例如:
We have to inform the family of the patients condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patients condition?
注意下面句子的结构变化:
May I ask you a question? May I ask a question of you?
直接和间接宾语的位置与上面短语有何不同?
第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:
1) 要不要 to的问题:
The director wants you to come right now.
句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 to连接。但是,以下情况例外:
n make, let, have等使役动词,如:
Shall I have him come here?
I wont have him cheat me.
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 to,如:
The nurse made the patient eat something.
The patient was made to eat something.
有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes.
记住下面重要表达方式:
to have / get done, 如:
I am going to have my watch repaired.
n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:
使用原则与上述大致相同。
2) 要不要 it的问题:
先看两个句子:
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. 该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find difficult. 括号部分为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made clear. 括号部分为宾语,clear为宾语补足语
归纳:
n 在主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是动词不定式或句子时,要用it作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
n 考试时,判断要不要 it,主要看句子后面有没有动词不定式或句子,若有,要选 it
n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语较长,宾语补足语较短时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在it的使用问题, 对下句作出判断:
The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases.
A. it possible
B. possible
C. it is
D. it
该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:
The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.
宾语 补足语
3) 记住以下短语:
to takeas
to think ofas
to regardas
to refer toas
关于五个基本句型,重点要掌握每个句型的出题点,举一反三。
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