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2013年职称英语重要语法知识点总结(19)

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  where : 当先行名词在从句中当地点状语时,用关系副词where连接

  例如:

  The crime rate rises in cities where the unemployment rate increases. 句中的where = in cities, 表示行为发生的地点。

  这里的要点是能否区分是用that 还是用 where, 即:是做主语、宾表语,还是做地点状语,例如:

  I love the small town that we visited last week.

  句中town做动词visited的宾语,即参观过的小镇,故用that连接。

  I love the small town where I lived during my childhood.

  句中town 是动词lived的地点,即童年时住过的小镇,故用where.

  这也是定语从句的一个考点。

  when : 当先行名词在从句中当时间状语时,用关系副词when连接, 例如:

  July is the month when we have a lot of rain.

  注意when定语从句后推的现象,例如:

  I think the day will finally come when air pollution can be put under control.

  放在主句后面作非限制定语从句时,when一般译为此时,那时, 例如:

  The meeting will be put off until next month, when we will have made all the preparations.

  另一个关系副词是why,由于它固定与the reason搭配, 即: the reason why,不难理解,一般也不作为考试的重点。例如:

  This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man. 这就是电子计算机不能完全代替人的原因。

  whose :做先行词的定语,汉语为的,不要考虑是否是限制性或非限制性定语从句, 例如:

  Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high. / 注意那个体温很高的男孩。

  介词 + which

  先看两个句子:

  This is the house. He has lived in the house for over 30 years.

  变为定语从句

  This is the house in which he has lived for over 30 years.

  上述句子中,先行词在从句中充当介词宾语,形成介词 + which / whom的形式,考试时要求作出1)要不要介词;2)若要,使用什么介词的判断。由于英语中介词搭配多为习惯用法,没有多少规律可循,因此这是定语从句考试的一个难点。

  记住四个字:瞻前顾后

  瞻前:先看看先行词一般与什么介词搭配,例如:

  There are occasions _____ which joking is not permissible.

   Joking is not permissible _____ occasions.

  常与occasion搭配的介词是什么?on, 即:

  Joking is not permissible on occasions.

  

  There are occasions on which joking is not permissible.

  顾后:看看谓语动词常与什么介词搭配,例如:

  This car, ____ which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.

   I paid a lot of money ______ this car.

  Pay for something 是一个固定的搭配,因此应填介词 for

  当A、B、C、D中出现 介词 + which / whom 选项时,而你又确实看不懂时,应倾向于选择 介词 + which / whom的形式,例如:

  The two elements _____ water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen.

  A. that

  B. which

  C. with which

  D. of which

  倾向选择C、D;正确答案D,be made of :

  The two elements are gases .

  Water is made of the two elements.

  两个句子一合并,便是该句选择。

  其他应注意的确问题:

   同位语从句只能用that连接

  常见的同位语先行词有:fact, possibility, idea, belief, doubt, news, order, promise, evidence, suggestion等,例如:

  Is there any possibility that all the villagers can send their children to school?

  There can be no doubt that he is a qualified doctor.

   as 也可以做关系代词用于连接定语从句,特别是在suchas, the same as 以及正如的结构中,例如:

  I have never seen a thing as he described.

  As was expected, the performance was a great success.

  把该句理解为:The performance was a great success, which was expected,就比较容易理解as的这种用法。

  将定语从句的连接用三句话归纳一下:

  ↗ 人用who / whom

  先行词在从句中当主、宾、表语 定语用whose

  ↘ 物用that / 非限制用which

  ↗地点状语用:where

  先行词在从句中当 原因状语用:why

  ↘ 时间状语用:when

  介词 + which / whom结构:瞻前顾后

  

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