第二句型:主语 + 不及物动词
在这个句型中主要注意及物动词与不及物动词的区分:
不及物动词 及物动词
rise /rose / risen raise /raised / raised
arise / arose / arisen arouse / aroused / aroused
lie / lay / lain lay / laid / laid
arrive at reach
wait for await
remain maintain
上面所注仅为典型词义,要根据句子判别其他意思。
此外,该句型常采用倒装形式,注意辨别,主要是以下两种情况:
1) 用here 或 there引导:Here comes the bus. / There rings the bell.
2) 在动词 + 介词短语的结构中,往往将介词短语提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.
第三句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
我们知道,名词可以做主语和宾语,非谓语动词 -ing和 to do也可以做主语和宾语,
作主语:
Learning a foreign language is not easy.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
从语法角度讲,上述两个表达方式都可以。
但是,当动词处于宾语位置时,就不能这样随心所欲了,因为英语语法有以下几个规定:
1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing 形式,重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些次的词义与解题关系不大,没有给出具体词义解释。若需要,请学生自己查字典解决。
这是语法考试的一个重点,要对以上词特别敏感,例如:
It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather.
A. being much affected
B. having much affected
C. to be much affected
D. to have been much affected
解题思路:1)一看到avoid一词,便可确定正确答案在A、B中; 2)affect意为影响,及物动词,故B不对。[如果做题时间来不及,此类题目若有主动语态和被动语态之分,一般选被动语态的正确率高些。
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