2015年职称英语理工类考试语法精讲(1)

　　必须注意的问题

　　关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数.

　　注意区别定语从句与强调句.

　　①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句.

　　②强调it无意义,that / who不是引导词.

　　③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是.

　　It is the museum that / which we visited last year.

　　It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.

　　定语从句与同位语从句的区别.

　　①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语.有时可省略.

　　②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省.

　　Word came that their army was defeated.

　　We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.

　　关系词在从句中省略的情况.

　　①关系词作宾语,前无介词时.

　　②关系词作表语.

　　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译.

　　关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom.

　　几个特殊的定语从句句型:

　　①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.

　　He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.

　　②Is this place the one we visited yesterday?

　　Is this the placewe visited yesterday ?

　　③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.

　　④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.

　　二、精典名题导解

　　选择填空:

　　1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

　　A.until B.that C.when D.where

　　解析:答案为C.本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择.作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔.定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when.

　　2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.

　　A.It B.As C.That D.What

　　解析:答案为B.本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句.as作正如解释,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子.当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语:as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等.要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法.

　　3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.

　　A.which B.where C.that D.when

　　解析:答案为B.本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择.定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导.要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词.