非谓语动词
动名词
1.定义:动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing
2.动能:
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1.作主语
e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。
e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。
2.作表语
e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。
3.作宾语
e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。
e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?
4.作定语
e.gThese dialogues may be used as listening materials./这些对话可用作听力材料。
3.考点:
动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。
4.与分词的区别:定语
现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在形上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。
Give the note to theloudly-speakingman/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。
I,d like to buy a washingmaching./我想要一台洗衣机。
小结:动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。
5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.动名词的习惯用法:
be busy/active doinz sth.
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggledoing sth.
Its no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/gooddoing sth.
cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth
不定式
1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:
To go to schoolis his dream.上学是他的梦想。
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel fatherale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。
2.跟在名词后面作定语,如:
the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the firstpeople to speak第一个发育的人
3.跟在be动词的后面作表语,如:
What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeingaround Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。
4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语
I enjoy talking to you.能和你谈话我真高兴。
They dont permit smokingin the public places.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。
5.对宾语的性质,特征等进行补充说明,作宾语补足语,如:
We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。
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