2014年职称英语理工类课程讲义：词汇选项(6)

　　11.We should not sacrifice(牺牲) environmental protections(环保) to foster (促进)economic(经济的) growth(增长). (answer: B)

　　A. reduce：减少，同义词：decrease

　　B. promote: v 晋升、提升、促进

　　C. realize()：认识到、实现计划、了解到，常见搭配：

　　Realize ones mistake认识到自己的错误;realize ones hopes/plan/dream实现希望/计划/梦想;realize the truth of the event了解时间真相

　　D. give：给予

　　补充：foster是一个多义词，除了促进，还表示培养、培育、照顾、抚养(不属于自己的孩子)， 如：foster mother养母;foster parents养父母。

　　请见教材上一道原题：

　　Government(政府) health campaigns(健康运动) have fostered (培养)an awareness(意识) of the dangers(危险，危害性) in certain social habits (某些社会习惯).

　　A. included(包括) B. discovered(发现)

　　C. cultivated (培养、养成， 种植庄稼，陶冶情操)

　　D. discouraged：使某人泄气，失去信心，反义词：encourage:鼓励，请注意dis-是一个常见的反义前缀。

　　12.There is a growing(不断增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一类人，富人们) and the poor(穷人们). (answer: C)

　　A. conflict：n 冲突、争执、(意见的)分歧、v冲突、抵触

　　a conflict of interests利害冲突;

　　B. tension: n 紧张，同义词：nervousness

　　C. gulf: n 海湾、沟壑、分歧，常见搭配：gulf between A and B in sth

　　There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education of their child.

　　D. confrontation: n 对抗、动词：confront.

　　一般用于： confront sb with sth让某人面对(不快的或令人头疼的事情)

　　有关gap,还有一个常见的表达：generation gap代沟

　　13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(帮助). (answer: D)

　　A. helpful：有帮助的，反义词：helpless, 词组：be helpful to sb

　　He is always helpful to his mother.

　　B. hopeful:有希望的，反义词：hopeless, 常见搭配：be hopeful of/about对。。。抱有希望，如：I am hopeful of passing the exam.

　　C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人怜悯的、可怜的，反义词：pitiless: 无怜悯心的、残酷的

　　D .thankful：感激的、感谢的，反义词：thankless: 不感谢的、忘恩的，常见搭配：

　　be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth

　　得出结论：同义词的常见搭配也一样，后缀-ful(充满的)和-less(少的、几乎没有的)互为反义词。(重要词根!)

　　14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)

　　A. shortly：adv马上、立刻 Ill be coming back shortly.

　　B. currently: adv时下、当前，同义词组：at present = now

　　She is currently in Beijing.

　　C. lately: adv 最近，同义词：recently

　　How have been lately?近来可好?

　　D. probably： 可能地，反义词：improbably, 同义词：possibly.

　　presently = shortly = soon

　　15.Attitudes to mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改变) in recent years(在近几年=lately). (answer: C)

　　A. displayed: 展示、陈列某物，显示、显露 display sth to sb

　　B. shown:原形show, 显示、展示，此时和display属近义词。

　　C. changed：高频核心词，含义丰富，改变、更换、交换、换乘、换衣服兑换货币，等等。

　　change ones idea/attitude改变主意/态度;change ones job换工作; change gear换挡; change sides改变立场; change train换乘火车;change dollars into RMB把美圆兑换成人民币。

　　D. demonstrated：v 证明、论证、表明、示威游行

　　16.I have been trying to(尽力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)

　　A. give up：停止、放弃，give up sth/doing sth, 如：

　　My husband gave up smoking last year.

　　B. pick up:捡起来、情况好转、通过实践学会(外语、技术)、收取某物、接人、偶然结识某人等。

　　C. build up逐渐发展、增强

　　D. take up：占据(时间或空间)、从事某事、

　　17.Relief workers(救援人员) were shocked (震惊的、吃惊的)by what they saw(他们所看到的). (answer: C)

　　A. moved：感动的 B. touched：动人的、感人的(= moved)

　　C. surprised: 吃惊的，be surprised at sth.

　　Im very surprised to see you here.

　　D. worried: 担心的、发愁的，同义词anxious,搭配：be worried about

　　He is worried about his exam.

　　所以：surprised = shocked = astonished

　　请见教材一道原题：

　　We were shocked to find that Mary didnt know her guests name.

　　A. frustrated B. disturbed(打扰的、焦虑不安的)

　　C. relieved (宽慰的) D. surprised

　　18.The weather is a constant (不断发生的、不变的)subject (主题)of conversation(谈话) in Britain(英国). (answer: D)

　　A. question： 问题、疑问、询问，常见的搭配：an open question未解决的问题、允许公开争论的问题

　　B. problem问题、难题，solve a problem解决问题;

　　C. title 名称、题目、标题、头衔

　　D. topic话题、主题

　　19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特点、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)

　　A. particular：个别的、特别的、挑剔的，如：his particular problems他的个人问题; particular importance特别的重要; shes very particular about her clothes.

　　B. characteristic： 典型的，常见搭配：be characteristic of = be typical of

　　C. remarkable: 不同寻常的、出类拔萃的，同义词：unusual = exceptional = extraordinary

　　D. idiomatic: 来自于idiom习语、成语;idiomatic符合语言或方言的特点的

　　20.It is virtually (几乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(劝说) him to apply for(申请) the job. (answer: B)

　　A. simply：简单地、仅仅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.

　　B. almost几乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.

　　C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地

　　D. completely = totally

　　补充：persuade sb to do sth劝说某人做某事