2015年职称英语考试综合类语法词汇指导(三)

　　四、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：

　　1.谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.The water in the glass is very cold.

　　2.集体名词做句子主语时,

　　① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.

　　② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.

　　3.Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard. / There are some sheep in the yard.

　　4.maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting.

　　5.glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：

　　The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.

　　6.a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now. A lot of time was wasted on that work.

　　7.and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now. / Fish and chips is very famous food.

　　8. there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.

　　9.用bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.

　　10.主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. 就站在路边)

　　11.eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right. / Neither you nor I am going there.

　　12.表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance.

　　13.主语中含有half of / of / all the .等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English. / A third of the students were playing near the lake.正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.

　　但是,population一词又有特殊情况： Whats the population of China? / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs.