看图作文是近几年考研英语大作文的命题趋势,看图作文讲究简单,寓意深刻,考查学生对寓意的理解表达能力。看画作文评分点之一在于词的多样性和句子语法结构及语言的标准性。因此,在复习中掌握相关的语言策略是至关重要的。下面编辑就和广大考生一起来探寻一下如何把握看图作文的语言策略
1. 词法应对策略
1.1 注意辨析词性
词性错误是指词根正确,但词性错误。一方面, 英汉是两种不同的语系, 它们在词汇和形态上区别很大。汉字没有形态变化, 许多词如正确容易小心,既可用作副词又可用作形容词。然而, 英语中, 许多形容词必须加后缀 - ly才能构成对应的副词,如 correct- correctly, easy- easily。许多考生受汉语影响, 常忽略英语词尾特征而犯以上词性错误。另一方面, 英语单词的后缀形式很复杂, 有些后缀改变词类, 如 care- careful,carefully- carefulness;有些后缀不改变词类, 如memory- memorization。由于这些后缀本身的复杂性, 考生很难记住, 所以容易犯词性错误。词性错误的应对策略是采用词根词缀法背诵单词,从根本上区分词根词缀。
1.2同义词替代
考研写作高分的第一步就是要有意识地在写作中用高级词汇去取代相对低级的词汇,从而反映出自己的词汇表现能力。比如害怕,经常用的是afraid,但还有比这个高级的词汇:horror,scared,astonished 等。这当中的任何一个词都会比afraid得的分数要高,这就是所谓的高级词汇正确取代低级词汇的过程。如:
高级词汇让你的作文看起来专业而地道,丰富多彩的语言一定会为你的作文加分不少!但也要避免替代错误。替代错误指从语法角度看似正确,但在语义上却讲不通的词汇错误。替代错误的频次最高,占词汇错误总数的33%。此类错误常出现在同义词。例如2003年真题温室的花朵的句子:
We should practice it from time to time, and thus we will slowly master it and do it perfectly.
副词slowly修饰谓语动词master不符语义逻辑,出现了替代错误,gradually强调动作过程逐渐地,用在此处才合适。
We should practice it from time to time, and thus we will gradually master it and do it perfectly.
2. 句法应对策略
2.1注意修饰语位置
修饰语指起修饰作用的成分,包括单词、短语或从句。修饰语必须紧靠其所修饰的成分。若修饰语离所修饰的词太远或放错位置,就可能造成误解或产生歧义。例如:
It is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon that two handicapped men are continuing their new journey with their powerful hands.
The block on the highway had been cleared before heavy traffic jam was caused by the policemen.
第一句介词短语with their powerful hands放在句末使句子不通顺。第二句by the policemen产生歧义警察引起了重大交通事故。应调整修饰语位置,使其紧靠所修饰成分。如:
It is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon that supporting each other with their powerful hands, two handicapped men are continuing their new journey on the ground.
The block on the highway had been cleared by the policemen before heavy traffic jam was caused.
2.2避免垂悬结构
非谓语动词位于句首做状语时,其逻辑主语要与主句主语一致,否则就会犯悬垂结构的错误。悬垂结构的形式有分词短语、介词+动名词、不定式短语。垂悬结构的本质是主从句主语不一致。
例如,2003年真题有关温室花朵的中,表达一旦离开父母,很多孩子难以独立生活:
Once left their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own.
这句话主从句主语时态不一致。many young people可以作make 的主语,主动做make 的动作,left 表被动,可译为抛下、撇下,从语义上看,many young people应是离开父母,并非抛下、撇下父母。本句直译为:一旦撇下父母,很多孩子难以独立生活。这是不合逻辑的。应改为:
Once leaving their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own.
或者:Once they leave their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own.
在道歉信中,为了表达我的歉意,加拿大的朋友将买一个新的给你。中文可这样表达,但译成英文:
To show my regret, my friend living in Canada will buy a new one for you.
不定式的逻辑主语I和主句主语my friend不一致,应使前后主语一致,如:
To show my regret, I will ask one of my friend living in Canada to buy a new one for you.
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