Topaz is a hard, transparent mineral. It is a compound of aluminum, silica, and fluorine. Gem topaz is valuable. Jewelers call this variety of the stone precious topaz. The best-known precious topaz gems range in color from rich yellow to light brown or pinkish red. Topaz is one of the hardest gem minerals. In the mineral table of hardness, it has a rating of 8, which means that a knife cannot cut it, and that topaz will scratch quartz.
The golden variety of precious topaz is quite uncommon. Most of the worlds topaz is white or blue. The white and blue crystals of topaz are large, often weighing thousands of carats. For this reason, the value of topaz does not depend so much on its size as it does with diamonds and many other precious stones, where the value increases about four times with each doubling of weight. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality. But color is also important: blue topaz, for instance, is often irradiated to deepen and improve its color.
Blue topaz is often sold as aquamarine and a variety of brown quartz is widely sold as topaz. The quartz is much less brilliant and more plentiful than true topaz. Most of it is variety of amethyst: that heat has turned brown.
新人教版英语八下《Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells》(Section B)ppt课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf》ppt课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time》ppt课件3
新人教版英语八下《Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells》(Period3.4)ppt课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells》(Period 1)ppt课件
人教版英语八下Unit 1《What’s the matter》课件4
人教版英语八下Unit 10《I’ve had this bike》(Section A 1b)课文朗读
新人教版英语八下《Unit 5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time》ppt课件1
人教版英语八下Unit 1《What’s the matter》课件9
新人教版英语八下《Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells》(Section A)ppt课件
人教版英语八下Unit 10《I’ve had this bike》(Irregular Verbs)课文朗读
新人教版英语八下《Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf》ppt课件2
新人教版英语八下《Unit 5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time》(SectionB)ppt课件1
新人教版英语八下《Unit 2 What should I do》(第2课时)ppt课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 4 He said I was hard-working》ppt课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived》(第1课时)ppt课件
人教版英语八下Unit 1《What’s the matter》(Section A-2)课件
人教版英语八下Unit 1《What’s the matter》(Section A 1b)课文朗读
新人教版英语八下《Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music》(SectionA)ppt课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 2 What should I do》(第3课时)ppt课件
人教版英语八下Unit 1《What’s the matter》课件5
人教新目标版英语八下《Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells》ppt课件(三)
人教版英语八下Unit 10《I’ve had this bike》(Section A 2a)课文朗读
人教版英语八下Unit 1《What’s the matter》(Section A 2d)课文朗读
新人教版英语八下《Unit 4 He said I was hard-working》ppt课件1
人教版英语八下Unit 1《What’s the matter》课件7
英语八下《Unit 5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time》(SectionA)ppt课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music》ppt公开课课件
新人教版英语八下《Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music》ppt课件
人教新目标版英语八下《Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music》ppt课件
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |