Modern American Universities Before the 1850s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia ---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professors own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.
四级考试完型填空做题拿高分五步骤
英语四级:解读完形填空测试考点
英语四级词汇背诵捷径
大学英语四级考试之经验谈
四级考试完形填空应考技巧
2014英语四级阅读技巧
大学英语四级复习各阶段背单词技巧推荐
解析四级快速阅读两大法宝——略读和跳读
四级完形冲刺方略:单词为重回顾真题
英语四级词汇记忆规则
怎样在短期内记住大量单词?
英语四级单词是王道 复习备考按步学好
2015年6月英语四级作文范文预测(16)
四级经验之谈!!
2014英语四级阅读技巧:作者态度(观点)题
四级巧复习:做四级完型填空的步骤
2015年6月英语四级作文范文预测汇总
2014英语四级阅读技巧:推理题
英语四级考试失败的原因总结
学霸英语四级备考心得:真题放在第一位
2014英语四级阅读技巧:指代题
2014英语四级阅读技巧:文章态度(观点)题
2014英语四级阅读技巧:句子理解题
2015年6月英语四级作文范文预测(14)
2015年6月英语四级作文范文预测(15)
2015年6月英语四级作文范文预测汇总19篇
四级考试的误区—写给屡战屡败的四级考生
2014英语四级阅读技巧:细节事实题
2015年6月英语四级作文范文预测(17)
2015年6月英语六级考试:作文四步布局法
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |