名师精讲大学英语四级考试讲义词汇(七)

　　1.当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。。 独立主格的结构1：名词+ 分词 现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词发出时使用现在分词，而名词是受动者时则用过去分词。

　　2. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely. A followed B following C to follow D being followed

　　3. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off. A considered B be considered C considering D having considered call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。 独立主格的结构2：with + 名词+ 分词

　　4. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school. A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged as well as 和; be encouraged不会考。 动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励; been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励