例1 ____________(将领你们去参观我们的新车间)by the secretary.
译文:You will be shown our new workshop.
简评:如果这句话不是划线填内容,你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子,这就给翻译带来了一定的难度,你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分:by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征,秘书在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以,题目是暗示我们要把原句中你们转换成译句里的主语,这样才符合出题要求。
例2 You __________(我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动)this time.
译文:are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.
简评:根据题目可推知全句意思是:我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是:我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头,也就是说你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语,这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是:You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.
2)当汉语句以我们、人们、大家等泛指性代词作主语时,在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译,并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有 know,see,find,say,suppose,estimate,report,suggest,stress,consider, expect,admit,point,understand 等动词。
例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子,我们就说这个原子带正电荷。
译文:If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.
简评:这句话是一个条件从句。即:在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下,这个电子带正电荷。我们就说这个原子带正电荷可理解为这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷。那么根据前面所说的原则,我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语我们省略不译,并使用被动语态。
从这个例子里我们还可以看出,在科技文章中,根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态,以强调事物的客观性。
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