考前辅导:2015英语四级翻译原则与方法(三)
宾语从句
宾语从句译为汉语时,通常不需要改变语序。
Many people believe that man is not solving these problems of pollution quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions take him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.
译文:许多人认为,人类没有尽快的解决这些污染问题而只顾谋求私利,以至于错过了悔改的机会,以后才充分认识到这种损害。
原文中有两个由that引导的宾语从句,从句由and连接,翻译时根据其逻辑关系,添加而。
表语从句
表语从句翻译时通常也不用改变原文语序。
What he cares is how much profit he can get from the project.
译文:他关心的是他从该项目中能获得多少利润。
句中表语从句仍按原文顺序,主语从句译为名词词组。
同位语从句
同位语从句的翻译主要按照该从句与主句的逻辑关系来确定,在汉语中译为宾语、定语或补语等,通常不改变原句顺序。
The belief that failure is the mother of success has kept him go on experimenting.
译文:失败是成功之母的信念使他继续进行实验。
同位语从句说明主语内容,译做定语从句。
They jumped to the conclusion that all our flights out of China had been made from Beijing.
译文:他们匆忙作出了结论:我们从中国飞出的飞机都是从北京起飞。
同位语从句前用冒号,原句顺序不变。
There were indications that the enemy had retreated.
译文:有种种迹象表明敌军已经撤退。
根据逻辑关系同位语从句译为宾语从句,原句顺序不变。
2)定语从句
英语中的定语从句包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种,通常在句中起修饰限定作用。但有时定语从句和主句之间还会存在状语的关系。定语从句可被译为做定语的形容词词转自:考试网 -
组、独立分句或融合为主语的一部分。
例如:The action it takes at any moment cant be predicted,and people find that disturbing.
译文:它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见,这使人们觉得有些乱。
采用前置法,使限制性定语从句成为汉语中做定语的词组。
One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis.
译文:对禁食猪肉的一种解释是:如果未被煮透的话,猪肉可能会传播一种叫旋毛虫病的疾病。
根据逻辑关系,可将限定性定语从句译为汉语的条件分句。
School programs will be much more responsive to what the child is capable of thinking, which will minimize over-challenge and under-challenge.
译文:学校的课程将会更加适合学生的思考能力,从而减少课程过难或过于容易的现象。
根据原文中非限定性定语从句与主句的逻辑关系,译为汉语中的结果分句。
3)状语从句
英语中状语从句可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、地点和目的等等。翻译时通常将从句译为介词词组、副词词组或各种分句。
例如:
It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful.
译文:很明显,尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质,过分的自我意识却是有害的。
将让步状语从句仍译为让步状语从句,原句顺序不变。
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