7.词义的确定是最困难的事。有时英语一个词属于几个词类,在句中起不同的作用,具有不同的意义,而人们往往习惯于从它们通常所属的词类去确定词义,结果词类判断不对,词义也就选择不对。
(1)Stevens watched him turn down the glaring lamp,still its jangling pendants.
史蒂文斯看着他把耀眼的灯放下来,又把发出刺耳响声的垂饰也放下来。
史蒂文斯看着他把耀眼的灯扭小,把发出刺耳响声的垂饰扶稳。
still这里不作副词仍然还讲,而作动词使静止不动讲。turn down是扭小,不是放下。
英语拥有大量的多义词,而且它们多半是常用词,有时一个词条往往可以举出几种乃至几十种意义。绝大多数情况下,一个词脱离了上下文是
不能翻译的。一个词的意义是它在语言中的应用。我们要通过它和其他词的搭配以及上下文做出选择,单凭自己所记得的最常用的意义去译,就不免要出错。
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