一、 Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
分析主干:Researchers documented claims and found...
句子的谓语含and 连接的两个动词。前一个谓语动词documented 接宾语claims,该宾语含两个后置定语:of 引导的介词短语以及过去分词短语made by...。后一个谓语动词是found,用了find +宾语+补语结构。too... to...太......而不能,短语不定式to meet...作结果状语。
译文:研究者记录下了约2000 种产品所做的环保声明,并发现许多声明要么太模糊,要么会引起误导。结果都不符合ISO 的标准。
二、When next year s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they ll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost of Yale, who ll become Oxford s vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America.
分析主干:they ll be joined by a new face...
when...是时间状语从句.主句是被动语态,由by 引出动词join 的发出者a newface,其后的Andrew Hamilton 和the 55-year-old provost of Yale 都是a new face 的同位语。此外,这几个同位语有一个who 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰,定语从句中的名词短语a position equivalent...也是vice-chancellor 的同位语。
译文:2009 年秋,当明年的新的一批高中毕业生前往牛津大学就读时,他们将迎来一张新面孔:安德鲁.汉密尔顿。这位现年55 岁的耶鲁大学教务长即将出任牛津大学的副校长这个职位与美国的大学校长相当。
三、The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising.
分析主干:The board picked Bruce Benson...
1.a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist 是由连词and 引导的并列成分。注意,and 后面没有用不定冠词,表示的是一个商人兼政治活动家。该并列结构作Bruce Benson 的同位语,它后面还有一个who 引导的定语从句。
2.冒号后的fund-raising 作the main task 的同位语。
译文:该董事会最终任命了69 岁的布鲁斯窑本森,他是一位科罗拉多商人和政治活动家,应该能够很好地承担起现代大学校长的主要职责:筹集资金。
四、Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.
分析主干:Scientists have devised a way to..., a technique that...
1.主干部分动词devised 的宾语是a way,其后有一个不定式短语to determine...作后置定语;a technique 是对a way 的详细说明,是a way 的同位语。
2.determine 带了一个由where 引导的宾语从句,现在分词短语using...修饰动词determine,是它的方式状语。
3.that 引导的定语从句修饰a technique;help track...中的track 是省略了to 的不定式,表示help 的目的。
译文:科学家发明了一种办法,使用一缕头发来大致判定一个人在哪里生活过,这种技术有助于追查犯罪嫌疑人的或者身份不明的谋杀案受害者生前的行踪。
五、Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen-the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
分析主干:they will see you
Whoever it is 是让步状语从句,不管那是谁。主句的方式状语in a way 后有一个定语从句省略了关系词。破折号后的内容the... equivalent...是对a way 的进一步解释和说明,相当于a way 的同位语。译文无论是谁,他们都会以一种你始料未及的方式窥视你要-这在21 世纪就相当于你裸体时被别人撞见。
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