英语四级阅读理解长难句解析(1)

　　一、Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world.

　　分析主干：Customers can also improve experiences

　　1.介词by 后面动名词短语filing...作宾语，表示手段或方式。instead of...短语引导的内容相当于filing 的转折并列成分。

　　2.注意动词filing，意思是正式提出。

　　译文：消费者也可以采取措施改善以后的购物体验。他们可以直接向商家投诉，而不是到处散布自己不愉快的经历。

　　二、Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.

　　分析主干：I have given them this: the visual...

　　谓语动词give 带双宾语，them 和this。冒号后的the visual 是this 的同位语，对this 予以详细说明。visual 由介词短语of...修饰，of 的宾语是动名词短语doing...;该动名词短语的逻辑主语是their physics professor。

　　译文：相反，我给她们的是这么一幅画面：她们的物理学教授挺着大肚子做物理试验。

　　三、Accordin g to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.

　　分析主干：some include placing..., listing..., and pouring...

　　本句理解的难点在于辨别三个并列的动名词短语，它们都是include 的宾语。shameless tactics 指厚颜无耻的促销手段，visual sell 是视觉销售。句末if 引导的从句是ask 的宾语：甚至都不问问就餐者是否需要就给他们倒上瓶装水。

　　译文：《华尔街日报》上的一篇文章说，一些更无耻的销售策略包括把诱人的瓶子放在桌子上作为视觉卖点，把品牌名写在菜单上而不标明价格，或者连问都不问一声消费者就直接把瓶装水倒给顾客。

　　四、A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.

　　分析主干：A 12-year-old might need to be shown that... but that...

　　本句是show sb. that...结构的被动语态，that 从句依然充当宾语。宾语是but 并列连接的两个that 引导的从句。两个从句都用动名词短语作主语。

　　作者把孩子心急地打开饼干盒的动作称为raiding。富有幽默感。

　　译文：一个12 岁的孩子可能需要人告诉他，不用得到许可就把饼干盒扫光是可以接受的，但是，没有得到许可就借走父母的衣服是不能接受的。

　　五、In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way.

　　分析主干：players have been observed to...

　　不定式to throw...在句中作主语players 的补语;这是observe sb. do sth.结构的被动语态，作宾语补足语的省to 的不定式在被动语态中成了主语补足语，要把to 还原。动名词considering...作介词without 的宾语，介词短语without considering...作throw 的状语。

　　译文：在比赛的白热化阶段，人们注意到球员从球场的这头狂奔到球场那头，根本就没有考虑到他这样的动作会对阻挡他的其他球员产生什么样的后果。