大学英语四级考试阅读理解难句解析(4)

　　1.As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease-especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.

　　主干：the focus has been shifting

　　句首As引导非限制性定语从句，As指代主句所说的内容，在从句中作seen的宾语。

　　主句中破折号后的内容是短语介词in terms of引导的介词短语作状语，表示从......方面来说，changing与前面的shifting构成语义再现。

　　译文：正如我们所看到的一样，我们社会医疗的重心正在从治疗疾病转到预防疾病上来---特别是要改变我们许多不健康的行为，比如说不良的饮食习惯、抽烟、忽视锻炼。

　　2.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely not ill and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body s special needs.

　　主干：The field has not distinguished

　　主句的谓语用了distinguished between...and...的结构，and连接的两个someone都用了who引导的定语从句予以修饰。

　　译文：传统上，医学并没有区分一个仅仅是没有生病的人和一个健康状况很好并且注意自己身体特殊需要的人。这两种类型都被称作健康。

　　3.Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.

　　主干：Imagine a person...

　　主干部分很简短，关键是a person后面有5个who引导的定语从句，使句式变得复杂了。这5个who引导的从句都有相似的结构：含两个由but 连接的谓语，前后的描述形成鲜明的对比。这样的排比句式，加强了语气，给读者留下深刻印象。

　　译文：想象这么一个人：他体重适中，但是并没有吃到非常有营养的食物;他自我感觉还行，但只是偶尔锻炼一下;他每天都去上班，但却不是一个优秀员工;他大多数晚上在家里喝一点啤酒，但却并不醉酒驾车;他没有胸痛的感觉，血液指数也正常，但却嗜睡，并且经常感到疲倦。

　　4. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms well and wellness only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.

　　主干：some health specialists have begun to apply...

　　主句部分，不定式to apply...用作begun的宾语。apply...to...表示把......应用于......，句中表示把well和wellness这样的词只用来指那些人。who引导的定语从句修饰those。

　　译文：然而，近些年来，一些健康专家开始把健康和健康状况良好这样的字眼只使用到那些积极努力去保持并改善自身健康状况的人身上。

　　5. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.

　　主干：the concept...can have a

　　句首by引导的介词短语表示方法、手段。have a on...对......有有益的影响。in which引导定语从句修饰the ways。

　　译文：通过关注健康的生活方式，健康的历年就能对人们面对日常生活的挑战的方法产生有利的影响。