35 Oil Refining
An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or petroleum -- a dark, thick ooze from the earth -- had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it Drakes Folly . But when he had drilled down about 70 feet , Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for black gold all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.
国际英语资讯:UN humanitarian chief warns against complacency over progress in Yemen
体坛英语资讯:Indonesian mixed doubles pair take gold in 2018 BWF junior worlds
国际英语资讯:Feature: 1 meal per day for children, Yemenis expecting end of war
体坛英语资讯:Kenyan Kipruto to make half marathon debut in France
国际英语资讯:British PM likely to win vote of no confidence: media reports
体坛英语资讯:Guangzhou ends Shandongs four-game CBA winning streak
国际英语资讯:Saudi FM says action against Qatar aiming to change its policy
体坛英语资讯:Cape Verde warn Uganda ahead of AFCON qualifier
国际英语资讯:UN climate chief calls for strong outcome as divisions remain at conference
英语四级作文答案试卷二 留学的挑战(文都教育版)
体坛英语资讯:Australian sprints to final stage victory, Kazakhstani wins overall title of Tour of Fuzhou
体坛英语资讯:Champions Cheyech, Chepchirchir lead Kenya quest in Shanghai Marathon
2018年12月英语六级易考范文: 大学期间允许结婚吗
体坛英语资讯:Indonesian shuttlers through to Hong Kong Open semifinal
国际英语资讯:Trump names budget director Mulvaney as acting chief of staff
体坛英语资讯:Serbia win Nations League promotion
2018年12月英语四级作文答案:试卷三 大城市挑战
国际英语资讯:Feature: Fire-ravaged Greek seaside resort lights Xmas tree, sending message of hope, determ
国际英语资讯:World Bank lends 500 mln USD to Bangladesh for dairy, livestock productivity
体坛英语资讯:China, Palestine play out 1-1 draw in Haikou
国际英语资讯:Myanmar, India sign MoU on bilateral cooperation
国际英语资讯:Trump names intelligence veteran as assistant secretary of state for South Asian affairs
体坛英语资讯:Bosnia-Herzegovina friendly, chance for Enrique to get things right
国际英语资讯:Trump, Democratic Congress leaders exchange blasts over border wall
2018年12月英语四级作文 解析(文都教育版)
英语四级作文答案:试卷一 就业的挑战(新东方版)
国际英语资讯:Morocco, African Union agree to establish African migration observatory in Rabat
体坛英语资讯:Analysis: Germany start to rebuild after disastrous World Cup
国际英语资讯:32 Palestinians injured in clashes with Israeli soldiers in northern Gaza: medics
国际英语资讯:Governor-elect urges federal intervention in Brazils Roraima state
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |