四级考试阅读备考笔记（27）

　　As our tests became more complex. Sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.

　　21. The purpose of George Spilich s experiments is _________.

　　A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers

　　B) to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacity

　　C) to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performance

　　D) to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory

　　注：实验目的题，A 项为第一段实验目的同义改写，B,C 项为吸烟的负面影响与文中意思相反

　　Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.

　　22. George Spilich s experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.

　　A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details

　　B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests

　　C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers

　　D) register the prompt responses of the subjects

　　注：1.题目中没有具体指出是哪一个实验，所以就是针对所有提到的实验来说。

　　2.A 涉及文章倒数第二段的实验。

　　The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.

　　3.C 涉及文章第三段的实验。

　　The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine , active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.

　　4.D 选项也只涉及文章中某一个实验。

　　23. The word bested most probably means ________.

　　A) beat B) envied

　　C) caught up with D) made the best of

　　注：词汇题，根据第5段末句的意思可推断为A选项。