名校最新大学英语四级阅读精讲的系列讲义：(108)

　　The American Heart Association and other groups have said for many years that people could reduce the chance of suffering a heart attack by eating less of the foods rich in cholesterol. These include such foods as meats, milk products and eggs. The Heart Association noted a number of studies which show that nations where people eat a lot of high cholesterol foods have a higher number of deaths from heart disease.

　　However, the new report disagrees. It was made by the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States National Academy of Sciences. The new report by a team of 15 scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease. It noted seven major studies involving people whose diet was changed to include only foods low in cholesterol. The studies found only a very small reduction in the number of heart attacks and there was no reduction in the number of heart attack deaths.

　　Other studies have shown similar results. They found that a change to low cholesterol foods will have only a minor effect on the amount of cholesterol in a persons blood and only a minor effect on the number of deaths.

　　Medical scientists hope that two huge new studies may settle the cholesterol dispute. The tests are designed to learn if low cholesterol foods or anticholesterol drugs, or both, can reduce the amount of the substance in the blood and reduce the chance of a heart attack. The two new studies will be finished in the next year or two.

　　The new Academy of Sciences report also discussed other possible links between food and disease. The scientists, in general, they are deeply concerned about some of the recent advice given about food. They noted that a number of private groups, government agencies and several popular books have advised that people can prevent heart disease, cancer and other sicknesses by changing the kinds of foods they eat. The new report said there is often no good scientific evidence to support such advice. In fact, the scientists said such ideas often produce only false hopes or unnecessary fears.

　　1. According to the passage, people could reduce the chance of suffering he

　　art attack by____.

　　A) eating less foods with a lot of cholesterol

　　B) eating less of low cholesterol foods

　　C) eating a lot of high cholesterol foods

　　D) eating drugs

　　2. High cholesterol foods include ____.

　　A) eggs, meats and milk products

　　B) potatoes, green vegetables and tomatoes

　　C) corn, wheat and beef

　　D) sugar, rice and butter

　　3. Some scientists believe that there is no evidence that cholestrol in food is directly linked to____.

　　A) blood disease B) heart disease

　　C) infectious disease D) mental disorder

　　4. Medical scientists believe that____.

　　A) tests have been designed to settle the cholesterol dispute

　　B) drugs have been tested to reduce the amount of the substance in blood

　　C) low cholesterol foods or anti cholesterol drugs or both can reduce the chance of a heart attack

　　D) none of the statements mentioned above is correct

　　5. Which of the following statements in NOT true?

　　A) One can avoid a heart disease by eating less foods with little cholesterol.

　　B) One can avoid a heart disease by taking the doctors advice to eat low cholesterol foods and anti cholesterol drugs or both.

　　C) There has been good scientific evidence that cholesterol foods can produce the chance of suffering a heart disease.

　　D) People usually believe that cholesterol foods are directly linked to heart disease.

　　答案与解析：

　　1.B。

　　根据短文，人们可以通过 来减小患心脏病的机率。此题考查辨认事实的能力。根据文章第一段所述，少吃含胆固醇的食物可以减少患心脏病的机率。据此，答 案不难找到。B)少吃低胆固醇的食物。这是减少患心脏病比较可行的方法。相比较而言，其它说法都和题意相悖。A)少吃含有大量胆固醇的食物。这样只能增加患高血压的机率。C)多吃含高胆固醇的食物。这样患心脏病的机会更大。D)吃药。吃药不是解决患心脏病的办法，也不能减小机率。

　　2.A。

　　高胆固醇的食品包括 此题考查掌握某些细节的能力。高胆固醇的食品包括鸡蛋、肉类和牛奶制品。这是一般常识，而且在短文中有明确表达：These include such foods as meats, milk products and eggs.A)项选择正好符合题意，故为正确答 案。B)蕃薯、青菜和西红柿。薯类和蔬菜不含脂肪，不含胆固醇。C)玉米、小麦和牛肉。玉米、小麦含有淀粉，自然没有胆固醇;牛肉虽然含有少量的胆固醇，但在C)项选择里占有三分之一的份额，故不能归到胆固醇食品的行列。D)糖、大米和奶油，和C)项选择一样，也不能归为含胆固醇食品一类。

　　3.B。

　　有些科学家相信没有迹象表明食物中的胆固醇和 有直接联系。此题考查认识某些细节的能力。在文章的第二段中 很容易找到答案：The new report by a team of scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease.可以确定选项为B，其它三项选择容易被排除。

　　4.C。

　　医学科学家认为 此题考查根据事实进行推测的能力。解答此题应从文章某些内容推测所包含的观点和倾向。四个选择中，C)最符合本题题意。如果选A)，那就成了：医学科学家们相信，为了解决胆固醇之争已经定好了试验。什么试验，试验什么内容都模糊不清。科学家们所希望的是通过两项庞大的研究计划可能会解决胆固醇之争，而不是通过试验解决争论。B)为了减少血液中的物质，对药物进行了试验，这种说法欠妥，因为文章中没有提到进行过药物试验，所以不能入选。D)项把以上三种选择都否定了，所以也是错误的。

　　5.C。

　　面几种说法中哪一种不正确 ? 此题考查根据内容进行判断的能力。题目要求回答下列几种说法哪一种说法不对。A)人们少吃带少量胆固醇的食物可避免患心脏病。文中多次提到并被人们普遍接受，所以是对的。B)听医生的忠告，吃低胆固醇的食物，或服用药物，或两者兼之就不得心脏病。这一说法普遍为人们所接 受，也是对的。C)一直有很好的科学事实证明含胆固醇食物能够增加患心脏病的机会。这种 说法和题意相反，因为文中曾提到：The new report by a team of 15 scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease.因而C)为正确答案。D)人们常常认为胆固醇食品常和心脏病有直接联系。这种说法也是对的，也不能入选。