There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B. To explain the science of economics.
C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
2. In the second paragraph, the word real in real goods could best be replaced by ___,
A. high quality
B. concrete
C. utter
D. authentic.
3. According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ___.
A. rapid speed of transactions.
B. misunderstandings.
C. inflation
D. difficulties for the traders.
4. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?
A. Individual households
B. Small businesses.
C. Major corporations.
D. The government.
5. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person s position in a traditional society?
A. Family background
B. Age
C. Religious beliefs.
D. Custom
答案:ABDDB
夜间工作有诀窍:如何做个高效的夜猫子
3名中国女子在俄被杀害焚尸 疑凶为三名90后
英国女子称因“太漂亮”被迫辞职:我的美貌太强大!
影响力研究:戴眼镜会令人看起来聪明但缺乏魅力吗?
虚惊一场:中国五架航班收到威胁信息
My Attitude Towards PM2.5 我对PM2.5的看法
有爱老爸在女儿婚礼的致辞:既幽默又感动
美准将与情妇打架被停职
微软发布Xbox One游戏机
美参议院通过网购消费税法案
办公应用提升iPad工作效率
苹果年底前有望与中国移动合作牵手
了解大脑如何运转,保证更加健康生活
和闺密一起去逛街:你会花更多钱 但也会更开心!
伦敦发生疑似恐怖袭击 一名士兵被当街砍杀
贝克汉姆:梅西过掉我的那一瞬我知道我老了
四胞胎婴儿桌上开会 无辜奶爸被戏弄甘投降
美国男子宣称发现可口可乐配方副本
美国一小学因天气好放假1天:晴朗天气好出游!
情感必修课:4大感情错误千万不要犯
菲律宾总统就菲方射杀台湾渔民事件道歉
墨尔本一学校取消垃圾桶
日本少女脚臭熏死鲤鱼 网友吐槽内功深厚
破解魅力密码:那些魅力超凡的人都有哪些习惯
香港小黄鸭漏气卧倒 网友调侃禽流感太可怕
你幸福吗?66%中国家庭并不幸福
神奇的记忆法:记东西握右拳,想东西握左拳
奇葩的香菜盖饭走红:你是喜欢还是讨厌吃香菜?
希拉里将出自传自爆是双性恋 为2016年大选预热
最温馨场景:美国大兵和女儿在球场重聚
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |