写作主题题型,第一句话的同义改写 match v. 匹敌
In these days of technological triumphs, it is well to remind ourselves from time to time that living mechanisms are often incomparably more efficient than their artificial imitations. There is no better illustration of this idea than the sonar system of bats. It is billions of times more efficient and more sensitive than the radars and sonars designed by man.
Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
11. The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to ____.
A) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotion
B) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning
C) give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through learning
D) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced
12.If your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though ____ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.
A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning
C) neither of them D) some other sorts of conditioning
13. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning
through ____.
A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning
C) both of them D) neither of them
14. In the third paragraph, the author is ____.
A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day
B) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning
C) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on
D) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning
15. In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss _____.
A) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings
B) the third kind of learning
C) further examples of learning through operant conditioning
D) none of the above
Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning . This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.
注:1.physiologically 生理的,mental / phycological 心理的
2.modify 修改、改变;pair with 伴随
3.it is ...that 强调介词状语结构
分类型文章:1.分为几类就是文章主题
2.抓住各类主体词/基本特征词(通常为动词)
3.多余段落通常例证某一类
The second kind of learning is called operant conditioning. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.
注:1.operant 操作型的,词源 operate
2.cuddle 拥抱
3.第一种 classical conditioning:联系而去做;第二种 operant conditioning:有奖惩而去做
Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.
注:1.interact 交往,相互影响
2.positive 正面的 negative 负面的
3.本段是多余段落,例证第一种 classical conditioning
4.mean a. 卑鄙的
11. The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to ____.
A) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotion
B) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning
C) give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through learning
D) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced
注:主题题,第一段主题句为第二句
In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning . This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.
12.If your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though ____ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.
A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning
C) neither of them D) some other sorts of conditioning
注:应用题
13. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning
through ____.
A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning
C) both of them D) neither of them
注:应用题, furry 有毛的
14. In the third paragraph, the author is ____.
A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day
B) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning
C) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on
D) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning
注:主题题,末端首句也是结论句
Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.
15. In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss _____.
A) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings
B) the third kind of learning
C) further examples of learning through operant conditioning
D) none of the above
注:第一段讲classical conditioning,第二段讲operant conditioning,第三段讲classical conditioning,第四段应该讲operant conditioning。
精选英语美文阅读:如何拥有幸福的婚姻
精选英语美文阅读:公务员的无助
浪漫英文情书精选:Boundless Love无边的爱
浪漫英文情书精选:The Warmth Of Your Love爱的温暖
精美散文:感悟幸福
浪漫英文情书精选:Is It Love?这是爱么?
浪漫英文情书精选:My Love Will Reach Any Distance爱无边
精选英语散文欣赏:贫富之间
爱情英语十句
精选英语散文欣赏:爱的限度就是无限度地去爱
2011年商务英语BEC初级口语词汇详解(29)
精选英语散文欣赏:月亮和井
Love Your Life 热爱生活
精美散文:我就是我
浪漫英文情书精选:Let Dream Come True让美梦成真
精选英语美文阅读:朋友的祈祷
精选英语美文阅读:十字路口的抉择
双语散文: Optimism and Pessimistic
双语美文:在思考中成长
啊,我讨厌英语 Gullia Oops Jaime Pas Langlais 这首歌是不是也唱出你的心声了
英文《小王子》温情语录
双语美文欣赏:孤独人生
精选英语美文阅读:在你的镜头前,我总是很美
精选英语美文阅读:A Friend's Prayer 朋友的祈祷
浪漫英文情书精选:Be In My Heart在我心中
幸福的秘诀:简单的生活很幸福
诗歌:永远向前(双语)
浪漫英文情书精选:Starting Over Again重新来过
精选英语美文阅读:爱他就把他留下来 (双语)
浪漫英文情书精选:The Best Surprise最好的惊喜
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |