词汇量的多少往往直接影响着阅读速度及理解能力,但如果拥有一些猜词的基本常识,则会达到事半功倍的效果。
一、从单词的结构猜测词义
英语词汇中,新词(新短语)主要是利用已有的语言材料通过构词法产生的。故考生应掌握一定的构词法。如:词缀法(前缀和后缀),合词法(复合名词,复合形容词和复合动词),拼缀法和缩略法等。其中词缀法和合词法是产生新词汇的首要方法。试看下列一组词:
ecoclimate 生态气侯
ecocatastrophe 生态灾难
ecocide 生态灭绝
ecodoom 生态毁灭
ecofreak 一味关注生态保护的怪人
从这组词中可看出前缀eco-,表示生态,是这组词的核心部分,所以这组词在含义上都与生态有一定的联系。
二、注意作者下定义的词句
如果文章中作者给某个词下了定义,用定义理解推测该生词很重要。如:
Tigers enjoy the meat of animals for food.They are carnivorous.Some animals on the other hand,are herbivorous and eat grasses and plants.
可理解为(动物)食肉的,而herbivorous应为(动物)食草的。
三、利用例子来推测词义
运用从具体到一般的归纳法,从所举的例子来推测词的含义。这种常见的引出例子的词语有for example,for instance,等。如:
I dont like some desserts,for example apple pie,rice pudding and ice cream.
从例句中的apple pie(苹果派),rice pudding(大米布丁)和ice cream(冰淇淋)很容易猜出desserts指甜食。
I often read these periodicals: Beijing Review,The World of English, Crazy English and Readers Digest.
从文中的举例,Beijing Review(《北京周报》),The World of English《》),Crazy English(《疯狂英语》)和 Readers Digest(《读者文摘》)可判断出 periodicals表示 期刊,杂志。
四、根据对比推测词义
在比较事物时,作者往往体现它们相同、相似或相反的方面,常借用like,as, but,although等词来表达其中的关系。如:
The patient is usually morose,but sh seems happy today.
起了转折作用,故morose可理解为不愉快的、郁闷的。
The snow is falling and big flakes drift with wind like feathers.,大片的 flakes如同羽毛般随风飘落。
作者把flakes比作羽毛,用介词like来表示这种关系,故flakes可理解为雪片,即:snowflakes。
五、运用常识推测词义
有的时候,表面看似陌生的词,我们可运用自己的经验、常识来推测出词义。如:
We have found that no one in the freshman class can add, multiply, subtract or divide simple sums...Therefore,We are setting up a special remedial arithm course.
凭我们具有的知识,从add(加), multiply(乘),subtract(减)和divide(除)可推出
arithmetic是指算术。
When the child moved to the city,she frequently got lost if she went out alone.She could never remember which direction she had come from.She was unable to orient herself in her new surroundings.
根据我们的常识,可推出orient表定方位。
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