如何做好四级阅读理解

　　一、重视阅读理解中的细节性问题

　　关于细节性问题(Suppporting Details) 细节性问题是关于Supporting Details类的问题，通过Skimming找出主题后，应进一步掌握阐述和发展主题的主要事实，或按要求找出特定细节。 在回答此类问题时，应采用查读法(Scanning)，因为这些具体内容(Details)是用来说明、论证或分析文章中心的。这类题目常以WH-形式来提问，如who， what， when， where， why及how等形式。这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题于，看清问题所问;

　　究竟;然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语;最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定正确答案。

　　当然，这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算，如问时间、距离、次数、数量等，认真计算后方可选定正确答案;有的涉及正误判断，要先看选项，根据选项提供的线索，寻视文中相应部分，最后在题中选出肯定答案;还有的寻问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之，做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认识做出想像判断，一定要紧扣文章内容，不可随心所欲。

　　细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：

　　Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?

　　Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

　　What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

　　The author mentions all of the following except . . .

　　The reason for . . .is . . .

　　The author states that . . .

　　According to the passage, when ...

　　二、关于阅读理解中的态度类问题

　　关于作者的态度类问题(Attitude)

　　阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。

　　关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手，一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样，常有的选项有：

　　(1) positive(积极的)

　　(2) negative(消极的)

　　(3) neutral(中立的)

　　(4) approval(赞成的)

　　(5) disapproval(不赞成的)

　　(6) indifferent(漠不关心的)

　　(7) sarcastic(讽刺的)

　　(8) critical(批评的)

　　(9) optimistic(乐观的)

　　(10) pessimistic(悲观的)

　　问题的几种提问方式：

　　Whats the writers attitude to ?

　　Whats the tone of the passage?

　　The authors view is _______

　　The writers attitude of .this passage is apparently _________-

　　The author suggests that _________

　　According to author __________

　　有文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，而有的文章中，作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点，需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时，首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇，如形容词、动词等。

　　对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手，从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。

　　Example :

　　I am not so na?ve ,however ,as to believe that sex is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist , but I am an individualist. I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women. certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other. There are plenty of women and men, for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible. If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills, they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return. Gigolos , male and female, are to be found in every class and in the best of homes. But when a man does not want to be a gigolo, he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can. But a woman has not. Even if her individual husband lets her, tradition in society is against her. In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of .

　　A) amusement

　　B) indifference

　　C) disapproval

　　D) condemnation

　　此篇文章中，作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬(如用语I am not 等等)，因此只参在选项C)和D)中选择。而从文章中的gigolos,fools等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚。所以，选项C)程度还不够，这一题的正确答案是D).