阅读理解详解15篇（Passage 11）

　　Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. 『The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.』①

　　The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted open admissions policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over 750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million.

　　In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black.

　　『Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. 』②Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.

　　College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3 percent of whites in that age group had completed college.

　　Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, but over half of these degrees were conferred in one disciplineeducation. In general, since the cry of reverse discrimination was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed.

　　1.What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions.

　　B. The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for white students too.

　　C. Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States.

　　D. Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and white students alike.

　　2.What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?

　　A. It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions.

　　B. It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks.

　　C. It came about when the cry of reverse discrimination was raised.

　　D. It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people were intensified.

　　3.Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?

　　A. Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States.

　　B. It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.

　　C. It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.

　　D. The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatly increased.

　　4. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .

　　A. get enrolled in traditionally white colleges

　　B. get enrolled in traditionally black institutions

　　C. complete college

　　D. get a Doctors Degree in science

　　5.Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?

　　A. The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up of segregated institutions.

　　B. They created many problems for their students.

　　C. They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship.

　　D. The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.

　　Vocabulary

　　1.desegregation n. 对种族隔离的取消

　　2.prolonged adj. 长时间的

　　3.predominantly adv. 主要地

　　4.bar v. 阻挡，禁止

　　5.encounter v. 遇到

　　6.substantially adv. 在相当程度上，很大地

　　7.underrepresented adj. 被忽视的

　　8.confer v. 授予，给予

　　9.reverse adj. 反方向的

　　10.discrimination n. 歧视

　　11.reverse v. 调转，转向

　　长难句解析

　　①【解析】此句的关键在于理清to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds是用来修饰限定The opening up的。

　　【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族和信仰背景的学生的接纳，是受到歧视的有色人种在法庭上，街道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。

　　②【解析】此句中that引导定语从句，修饰historically black institutions，when 作定语从句中的时间状语从句。

　　【译文】但是高等教育种族制度的废除，却给传统的黑人院校制造了新的麻烦，这些院校历史上曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋斗不止。

　　答案与详解

　　【短文大意】本文主要介绍了美国高等院校中的一项改革种族隔离制度的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。

　　1.D主旨题。文章主题思想是在美国的高等院校中的一项改革种族隔离的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。A、B、C都是文中提到的内容，但不是中心的内容。

　　2.B细节题。文章的第一段指出，原先实行种族隔离的高等院校对各个种族学生的开放是受到歧视的有色人种经过在法庭、街道和校园里长期斗争之后的结果。并不是因为入学人数的增加。

　　3.A推断题。在这样的题型中，有可能A、B、C、D四个选项都是对的，但是有一个不符合因果的联系。在本题中，A是应选的。因为虽然黑人学生在美国的研究生院和特种职业培训的高等院校中受到明显的歧视是个事实，但是它并不是开放高等院校的结果。

　　4.D细节题。文中曾指明黑人取得博士学位的比率极低，而且大部分是教育学博士。

　　5.A细节题。在高等院校全部开放以后，传统的黑人院校不再以黑人学生为主。C是错误的。因为尽管传统的黑人院校曾经在历史上培养了不少优秀人才，但是在开放政策实行以后，它们也面临着很多困难，所以谈不上取得了很大的进展。