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1. 名词后缀
1) -or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor
2) -acy, 表示性质,状态,境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3) -ance, -ence表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4) -ancy, -ency, 表示性质,状态,行为,过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5) -bility, 表示动作,性质,状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6) -dom, 表示等级,领域,状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7) age: package, shortage, marriage
8) ant: assistant, accountant, inhabitant
9) -hood, 表示资格,身份, 年纪,状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood
10) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程,结果,状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
11) -ism, 表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
12) -ty, 表示性质,状态,程度 purity, reality, ability, loyalty, identity
13) -ment, 表示行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
14) -ness, 表示性质,状态,程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
15) cy: bankruptcy, literacy, democracy
16) -ship, 表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业 hardship, membership, friendship
17) -th, 表示动作,性质,过程,状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
18) -tude, 表示性质,状态,程度 latitude, altitude
19) -ure, 表示行为,结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure
20) -grapy, 表示学,写法 biography, calligraphy, geography
21) -ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
22) -ology, 表示学论biology, zoology, technology
23) -nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy
2. 形容词后缀
带有属性,倾向,相关的含义
1) -able, -ible: visible, flexible
2) 名词-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish
3) ive: active, sensitive, productive
4) like: manlike, childlike
5) 名词-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6) ory: satisfactory, illusory
7) ic: realistic, specific, poetic, energetic
8) ical: physical, classical, economical
9) some: troublesome, handsome
10) ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
11) ous: dangerous, generous, courageous,
12) ent: violent
13) most: foremost, topmost
14) -less: 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
15) al: personal, internal, critical, accidental,
16) ary: necessary, primary, secondary
17) ious: religious, furious, precious
18) y: dirty, healthy, rainy, thirsty, sunny
3. 动词后缀
1) -ize, ise, 表示做成,变成,化: modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2) -en, 表示使成为,引起,使有 : quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3) -fy, 表示使化, 使成 : beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4) -ish, 表示使,令: finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5) -ate, 表示成为,处理,作用 : separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
-ly:badbadly严重地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地
-wise:clockclockwise顺时针方向的;likelikewise同样地
-ward:outoutwards向外面地,northnorthwards向北方地
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