12月英语四级选词填空实例训练（十一）

　　2013年下半年，英语四级将改革，局部题型发生变化。选词填空在英语四级考试中，是考生们很难逾越的难关，很多考生做到这类题型都会选择直接放弃。其实，只要大量练习，再加上归纳总结，选词填空拿高分并不难。下面小编整理了选词填空题型训练，希望对考生们有帮助。

　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.

　　The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

　　If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.

　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.

　　In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

　　A)mental

　　B)promise

　　C)kill

　　D)avoid

　　E)hope

　　F)especially

　　G)aid

　　H)ordinary

　　I)approval

　　J)monetary

　　K)generally

　　L)improve

　　M)challenging

　　N)restore

　　O)excellent