Modern American Universities
Before the 1850s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between midcentury and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable colleges -- Harvard, Yale, Columbia -- and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professors own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.
关于好学生应该具有优秀的品质
商务实战英文海运提单的填写介绍
一年四季 Four Seasons in A Year
英语合同结构特点2
给妈妈的一封信 A Letter to Mother
关于沉默不好的地方
周末活动 Weekend Activity
我的爱好——唱歌 My Hobby – Singing
少儿双语故事We Ate Noodles
会议通知 Notice
少儿英语故事The New Neighbor
顽强李娜 Strong Li Na
少儿双语故事Where Were You Yesterday
在我身命中最难忘的人The most unforgettable person in my life
双语故事:When Do You Eat Lunch
我最喜欢的电影(暮色) My Favorite Movie(Twilight)
荒谬的“世界末日”说
我最喜欢的电影 My Favorite Movie
游泳是我最喜欢的运动Swimming is My Favorite Sport
少儿双语故事What Did You Do Yesterday
英文合同翻译中重要的副词解析
世界卫生组织:全球92%人口呼吸着污染空气
一所幼儿园 A Kindergarten
商务英语合同应注意六方面
英语合同用词特点1
My wish我的愿望(三)
一则口头通知 An Announcement
香港回归15周年 The 15th Anniversary of HKSARs Return to Motherland
课后活动 Activities in Spare Time
商务英语合同经典词句精选
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |