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历年英语四级阅读全解析(2002-2008)

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  2002.1

  Passage one

  Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

  Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.

  The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.

  Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion . One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.

  When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.

  The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.

  21. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.

  A) its power source

  B) its driving system

  C) its monitoring system

  D) its seating capacity(A)

  22. What is the authors main concern?

  A) How to render automobiles pollution-free.

  B) How to make smaller and safer automobiles.

  C) How to solve the problem of traffic jams.

  D) How to develop an automated subway system.(C)

  23. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?

  A) A rail.

  B) An engine.

  C) A retractable arm.

  D) A computer controller.(A)

  24. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.

  A) keep in the right lane

  B) wait to arrive at his destination

  C) keep in constant touch with the computer center

  D) inform the system of his destination by phone(D)

  25. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?

  A) Enthusiastic.

  B) Pessimistic.

  C) Optimistic.

  D) Cautious.(C)

  这篇材料讲的是未来汽车的问题。第一段先是举出了两种截然相反的观点:在不久的未来,汽车将会被人类废弃(all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust),在可预见的将来,汽车依然会是城市交通的主要方式(the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future)。这样本文讨论的侧重点也就呈现出来了这里将要讨论的是汽车的未来。

  下文接续第一段所提的第二个观点,说明未来被人类继续使用的汽车可能会发生的变化。未来的汽车会变得更小,更加安全,也更有经济性,同时不会使用汽油驱动(smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine),污染也会比现在的汽车小得多。

  以上算是未来汽车相较现在的优点,不过,未来的汽车也依然存在问题,那就是交通拥堵(still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion)。但作者马上提出了解决办法:自动公路系统(automated highway system)。最后的两个大段对这一系统的工作原理进行了解释。

  汽车进入自动公路系统后,车身上会有一条伸缩臂与铁轨连接,此时汽车的动力便由系统提供电力控制(解决了污染问题),而汽车的操控则转交给中心电脑,由电脑监控汽车所有的运行动作(第四段)。

  司机所要做的是只是用电话输入指令,告诉系统所要到达的目的地。系统会计算最佳路径,同时保证行进路径的畅通。这时,司机就有时间放松了,因为快要到达目的地的时候系统会自动发出提示(第五段)。

  这一系统的效率如何呢?它在一个小时内的容量是10000辆汽车,而如今的公路只能容许1500-2000辆汽车通过(will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway)。

  21. A

  题目问未来汽车的一项重要发展很可能是

  A,动力来源。

  B,驾驶系统。

  C,监控系统。

  D,可乘坐人数。

  第二段对未来汽车的可能发展做了展望:It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present type,这里提到了5种可能的情况,包括大小(smaller),安全性(safer),经济性(more economical),动力来源(not be powered by the gasoline engine),环保(more pollution-free)。四个选项中只有A与其中一种情况一致,本题选A。

  22. C

  题目问作者主要关心的问题是什么。

  A,如何实现汽车无污染。

  B,如何制造更小更安全的汽车。

  C,如何解决交通拥堵问题。

  D,如何发展一套自动地铁系统。

  上一题考查了第二段,那么这一题应该考查第二段以后的内容了。第三段指出the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion,即未来汽车依然会存在交通拥堵问题。此后的两段全部围绕如何解决交通问题展开,说明了一种新的公路系统如何可以解决这一问题。这样 的话,本题的答案应该是C。A和B在第二段中都提到了,但只是一笔带过,没有继续论述。D有一定迷惑性,要注意D说的是subway系统,而不是文章所着 力说明的highway系统。D这个选项应该是源于第四段which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically这句,但这里仅是把highway系统的一项装置(rail)和subway(地铁)的装置进行对比而已(which指代前面的 rail,is similar to是与相似,power做动词讲,指为地铁列车提供电力。全句意思就是与那些在地铁里为列车提供电力的rail一样)。

  23. A

  题目问在自动公路系统中,是什么为汽车提供电力。

  A,一根铁轨。

  B,一台发动机。

  C,一支可伸缩的机械臂。

  D,一个电脑控制器。

  文章讲到自动公路系统的动力问题是在第四段。第四段一共三句话,第一句讲的是汽车进入系统后,会从车身伸出一条可伸缩的机械臂,搭在一根铁轨上。第二句讲 的是与铁轨连接后,汽车就交由公路系统提供电力作为动力。第三句讲的是汽车的控制问题,讲的是汽车的操控完全交予电脑。从这三句话可以看出,机械臂是从汽 车车身伸出的,不会提供电力,仅起到一个连接铁轨的作用。铁轨通过机械臂为汽车提供电力,并开始以电力作为动力,与发动机无关了。电脑只起控制汽车的作 用,与动力无关。这样,本题应该选A。

  24. D

  题目问在自动公路系统中,司机所要做的只有什么。

  A,保持正确的行进路线。

  B,等待最后到达终点。

  C,随时与电脑中心保持联系。

  D,用电话把行车目的地告知系统。

  文章的最后一段讲到了司机在自动公路系统中应做哪些事情。首先是电话通知系统其行车目的地(The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system),此后电脑会计算最佳行车路线并为该车保留行车路段(The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway)。最后司机所要做的就是等待到达终点了。

  从这里可以看出,司机需要做的事情是电话通知系统其行车目的地,D的说法与此相符。B的说法在文中虽然也可以找到,但等待本身不能算是实质的事情。如果不输入目的地,而只是等待的话,永远也到不了要去的地方。

  25. C

  题目问作者对汽车未来的态度是怎样的。

  A,热情的。

  B,悲观的。

  C,乐观的。

  D,谨慎的。

  作者在开头首先介绍了两种关于汽车未来的观点,一是汽车将会被人废弃,二是汽车依然会是城市交通的主要方式。此后,作者的论述一直以第二个观点为前提展开。可见作者首先是看好汽车在未来世界的地位的。作者的观点至少不是悲观的。

  第二段对未来汽车的变化进行了展望,作者认为汽车会朝向更小、更安全、更环保等方面发展。这一观点应该说是乐观的。

  第三段指出了未来汽车发展的问题所在,但马上提出了解决方法,最后两段具体描述了这一方法。虽有问题,但可以解决,这里体现的还是乐观的态度。

  Enthusiastic是热情的、充满激情的意思,所表达的情绪非常热烈,显然并不符合文章的基调。Cautious所体现的态度应该是乐观方面与悲观方面等量齐观,同等重视,与文意同样不符。综上,C最为合适。

  Passage Two

  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

  Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.

  Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.

  People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.

  It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal , has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation between hunters and hunt saboteurs . Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the foxs smell, which the dogs follow.

  Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.

  26. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.

  A) for recreation

  B) in the interests of the farmers

  C) to limit the fox population

  D) to show off their wealth(A)

  27. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?

  A) It involves the use of a deadly poison.

  B) It is a costly event which rarely occurs.

  C) The hunters have set rules to follow.

  D) The hunters have to go through strict training.(C)

  28. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.

  A) by resorting to violence

  B) by confusing the fox hunters

  C) by taking legal action

  D) by demonstrating on the scene(B)

  29. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.

  A) prohibit farmers from hunting foxes

  B) forbid hunting foxes with dogs

  C) stop hunting wild animals in the countryside

  D) prevent large-scale fox hunting(B)

  30. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

  A) killing foxes with poison is illegal

  B) limiting the fox population is unnecessary

  C) hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent

  D) fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich(C)

  这篇材料讲的是猎狐运动的兴衰。前三段可以看做是一个部分,主要论述猎狐运动的源起和特点。后两段的主要内容则是反猎狐运动的兴起。

  开头从狐狸与农民的关系讲起,讲到狐狸自古就被认为是家畜杀手,从而被正式归为对人类有害的动物,农民们通过射杀和毒杀的方式不遗余力地减少狐狸的数量(farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them)。从这一段可以看到,狐狸因对人类有害而遭到灭杀,这可以说猎狐运动得以兴起的缘由之一。

  第二段开始介绍猎狐运动的特点,而把这一内容与上文连接起来的就是第二段第一句话。猎狐,也就是一群经过特殊训练的狗在乡村追踪狐狸,骑马的男女跟在狗群的后面。狗群捉住狐狸以后便会把它们咬死,或由猎手用枪击毙(When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it)。

  参与猎狐的人们把猎狐当作是一种运动,他们因此会身穿特殊的制服,红帽白裤,遵循严格的行为规则(follow strict codes of behavior)。而拥有马匹和定期打猎是很烧钱的,所以大多数猎手都是富翁。

  第四段开始讲反对猎狐运动,讲到反对者的人数在过去二十年内猛增(the number of people opposed to fox hunting has risen sharply),反对的原因就是:残忍(because they think it isbrutal)。反对者与猎手的冲突几乎在每次猎狐运动中都会发生(it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind ofconfrontation),那么反对者通常会采取哪些行动呢?少数会升级为暴力事件,但多数情况下,反对者会采取误导骑手和祛除狐狸留下的气味等方式(misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the foxs smell)。

  这种冲突只不过是对正在进行的猎狐运动的阻挠,运动本身还是可以继续。然而近年来猎狐运动本身开始面临严重的威胁。最后一段讲到,工党某议员正在促使议会两院通过一项新的法律,宣布驱使猎狗猎杀野生动物为非法(trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal)。如果这项法律获得通过,那么像狐狸这样的野生动物在英国就将受到保护(wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain)。

  26. A

  题目问英国的富人进行猎狐运动的目的是什么。

  A,为了消遣。第三段第一句话:People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport,这一句道出了参与猎狐的人对猎狐本身的看法sport,一种运动。运动与竞技体育不同,其本身即是一种娱乐消遣。因此A的说法是对的。

  B,为了保护农民的利益。看第二段第一句:Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population, 农民为了控制狐狸的数量,会召集当地的猎户去猎杀狐狸。这应该是猎狐运动的缘起,自此后,很多人就模仿猎户的行为,最终使猎狐成为一种运动。可以说,富人 们参与猎狐纯粹是为了消遣,而不是为了农民的利益。二者之间的联系仅仅是:农民为了自己的利益召集猎人猎狐,富人模仿猎狐者,使猎狐本身成为一种富人自己 的消遣运动。

  C,为了限制狐狸的数量。限制狐狸的数量符合农民的利益,与富人无关。

  D,为了显示他们的富有。这个选项与But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy一句有关。此句意思比较易懂:拥有马匹和定期狩猎是相当费钱的,因此大多数猎手都是有钱人。这里仅仅说明参与猎狐的条件之一:有钱;不能从中推导出猎狐是为了炫富。

  27. C

  题目问英国猎狐的特别之处是什么。

  A,会使用一种致命毒药。这一说法在文中确实提到了:farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them,农民们为了减少狐狸的数量会采用射杀或毒杀等等手段。需要注意的是农民的自发行为并不是狩猎运动,而是一种自卫行为,它与为了生计(猎户)和为了消遣(富人)的猎杀行为是不一样的。因此,严格的说,A的说法指的并不是猎狐运动,不符合题意。

  B,这是一种花销昂贵的运动,较少发生。花销昂贵在文中可以找到相应的注脚:owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive;但注意这里的一个单词regularly,定期的,既然是定期举行,显然不是rarely了,B错误。

  C,猎手们制定了需要遵守的规则。这句话也可以在文中找到相应的内容:follow strict codes of behavior;Codes of behavior,是行为规范的意思,也就是C所说的规则。C是对的。

  D,猎手必须经过严格的训练。这句话来源于follow strict codes of behavior,是在考查对code的理解。Code有密码的意思,另有法规之意。可见这里没有训练的意思。

  28. B

  题目问反对猎狐者经常通过什么方式干预猎狐运动。

  A,诉诸暴力。

  B,扰乱猎狐者。

  C,采取法律行动。

  D,在猎狐现场示威。

  文章讲到反对猎狐者干预猎狐运动是在最后两段,而通过什么具体方式干预猎狐则是倒数第二段的内容。这一段大致讲到了三种方式,一是violence,二是misleading riders,三是disturbing the trail of the foxs smell。根据文中交代,violence的发生频率是sometimes(有时),而后二者是mostly(大部分)。题目问的often(经常),那么显然应该指的是后二者。B与第二项意思一致,应该选择B。

  29. B

  题目问英国议会可能会通过一项新法律,这项法律

  A,禁止农民猎狐。

  B,禁止使用猎犬猎狐。

  C,禁止在乡村猎杀野生动物。

  D,防止大规模的猎狐运动。

  文章提到英国议会可能通过与猎狐有关的法律是在最后一段的后半部分:Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain,从这里可以看出,出台这项法律的目的是要make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal使驱狗猎杀野生动物变为非法。这里有两个限定条件,一,猎杀对象是野生动物;二,猎杀方式是驱狗猎杀。四个选项中,A和D没有涉及这两条,可以排除。B涉及狩猎方式和对象,方式是驱狗狩猎,对象是狐狸。狩猎方式与文中的限定条件一致,狐狸属于野生动物,也符合对象条件,因此B是正确的。C则缺少了驱狗狩猎这一狩猎方式,是不对的。

  30. C

  题目问从文章中可以推断出什么。

  A,毒杀狐狸是非法的。文中讲到毒杀只有一处,farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them。这是在讲述猎狐运动的缘起时提到的,文章没有介绍毒杀行为是否违法,也无从推断出这个结论。

  B,限制狐狸数量是没有必要的。第二段讲到Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population,意思是农民们召集猎手来限制狐狸的数量,其原因是狐狸伤害家畜。从这个意义上说,限制狐狸数量有一定必要性。当然,这个推理也许有些牵强,但按照B的说法,推理出限制狐狸数量没有必要就是完全无中生有了。

  C,驱狗猎杀狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的。反对猎狐者认为猎狐是brutal(残忍的),驱狗猎狐属于猎狐的一种,当然也是残忍的,所以这个选项的说法正确。

  D,猎狐经常会引发穷人与富人之间的冲突。文中倒数第二段提到了confrontation,冲突双方也交代得很清楚:between hunters and huntsaboteurs,猎手与反对猎杀者。根据文意,猎手一般属于富人;但反对猎杀者是否代表穷人呢?答案是不一定。所以D的说法不正确。   Passage Three

  Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

  For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs, coupled with the aging of the baby-boom generation, a longer life span means that the nations elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. In addition to the doctors, were going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers, says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern Californias School of Gerontology .

  Lawyers can specialize in elder law, which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination . Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money, one professor says.

  Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was really bored with bacteria. So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she lied it. She says, I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.

  31. ... Old is suddenly in most probably means ________.

  A) America has suddenly become a nation of old people

  B) gerontology has suddenly become popular

  C) more elderly professors are found on American campuses

  D) American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students(B)

  32. With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit ________.

  A) from the adoption of the elder law

  B) from rendering special services to the elderly

  C) by enriching their professional knowledge

  D) by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests(B)

  33. Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?

  A) Retirees are more generous in spending money.

  B) They can employ more gerontologists.

  C) The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.

  D) There are more elderly people working than before.(C)

  34. Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?

  A) Retirees who are business-minded.

  B) The volunteer workers in retirement homes.

  C) College graduates with an MBA or law degree.

  D) Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.(D)

  35. It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of Americas elderly population ________.

  A) will provide good job opportunities in many areas

  B) will impose an unbearable burden on society

  C) may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination

  D) will create new fields of study in universities(A)

  这篇材料讲的是美国大学老年学专业的兴起。第一大段主要论述老龄化现象与老年学专业流行的关系。第二段具体论述老年学专业的学生如何受益于老龄化现象。最后一段是一个具体的例子。

  第一段开头先是指出与老龄有关的专业受到越来越多学生的青睐,而后言简意赅地给出了原因:人口老龄带来了职业机遇(the graying of America means jobs)。作者从头讲起,称人口老龄化现象不可避免。随着生育高峰一代的老去,在之后的50年间,美国的老年人口将会大幅度增加。到2050年,25%的人口将会超过65岁,而1995年只有14%(25percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995)。人口老龄化在普通人看来一般意味着社会问题,作者也指出了这一点(The change poses profound questions forgovernment and society),但随后就抛出自己的独特观点:老龄化也会给某些领域带来职业机遇。某位老年学教授也称,老年人不仅需要医生,也需要更多的社会学家、生物学家等等等等。

  比如,律师们可以专攻老年法律,其受诉范围从信托、不动产到疗养院虐待、年龄歧视,可以说十分广阔。商人们则在老年人市场看到了巨大的商业机遇,因为生育高峰一代足有7400万人,而且很有可能是人类历史上最富有的退休老人群体。老龄化给这些领域带来了职业机遇,学生们自然会对老年学趋之若鹜。作者援引老年学教授的话说,一位MBA或者法律专业的毕业生,如果具备了老年学专业知识,那就将获得源源不断的财富。

  作者在最后一段举了一个学生的例子。Santos曾是生物专业的学生,但与细菌打交道让她感到厌倦(Shebegan college as a biology major but found she was really bored with bacteria)。在听了一堂老年学专业的课以后,她发现那才是她喜欢的。她说,她帮助退休老人做一些志愿工作,并对此感到十分满意。

  31. B

  题目问Old is suddenly in是什么意思。

  A,美国已经突然间变成了一个老年人的国家。

  B,老年学突然变得流行起来。

  C,更多的老年教授在美国大学里任教。

  D,美国大学已经意识到招收年长学生的需要。

  首先分析一下这个句子,old肯定不是指老年人,否则应该加上the,构成the old;另外要注意到old采用了首字母大写,可见是一个有特指的名词,观察四个选项,老年学是一个专有名词,可能性较大。句尾的in肯定不是作介 词,表示在里面的意思,否则in后面应该连接宾语。in的另外一个意思是Currently fashionable,当前流行的,可能性较大。

  结合上下文可知,Old is suddenly in的原因是the graying ofAmerica means jobs,美国人的老去意味着工作机会,也就是说,因为美国人的老龄化带来了很多工作机遇,所以Old is suddenly in。把四个选项代入这个因果句,只有B最为合适,同时这个句子也是全文论述的核心。

  32. B

  题目问随着美国人的老龄化,律师将会受益于

  A,老年法的实行。

  B,向老年人提供特别的法律服务。

  C,扩大他们的专业知识。

  D,赢得老年人的信任,去为他们谋取利益。

  这道题问的完全是有关律师的,这样就可以缩小我们的观察范围。文中讲到律师一共两处,第一处是在第一段末,were going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,意思是我们需要更多的特别律师。第二处是在第二段初,Lawyers can specialize in elder law, which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination,意思是律师可以专攻老年法律,这种法律涵盖从信托、房地产到疗养院虐待、年龄歧视等许多事务。从这两句话可以理出这样一个逻辑顺序:因为老年人的增多,各种与老年人相关的法律事务也相应增多,如果一个律师专攻老年学的话,他就可以向老年人提供范围相当广泛的法律服务。

  四个选项中,B的意思与此最为接近。A的说法也有一定道理,但是深究起来,一个不能向老年人提供法律服务的律师(意即没有专攻老年学)是无法从中受益的。C和D可以轻易排除。

  33. C

  题目问商人为什么能够在逐渐壮大的老年市场上赚钱。

  A,退休老人在花钱上更为大方。

  B,他们可以雇佣更多的老年学家。

  C,老年人具备很强的购买力。

  D,现在工作的老年人比过去要多。

  第二段在谈完律师之后,就开始描述商人的情形。Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history,理解了这句话,答案也就不难找到了。前半句的意思与题目一样,because引导的从句解释了商人何以赚钱的原因。美国历史上出现过一个生育人口猛增的时期,baby boomers指的就是这个时期出生的人;74 million strong,baby boomers足有七千四百万人多,这些人现在已经成为老年人,可见当今美国老年人人口之巨。are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history,意思是这些老年人很可能是人类历史上最富有的退休群体。这里说的是美国老年人有钱,是老年市场活跃的前提条件。

  四个答案中,B和D可以首先排除。A和C较为符合句意,具体分析的话,文中只提到这批老年人非常有钱,而爱不爱花钱并没有说明,因此,只能说老年人的购买力强,而不能断定其喜欢花钱。所以应该选择C。

  34. D

  题目问根据这篇文章的说法,在新世纪什么样的人能够赚大钱。

  A,具备商业头脑的退休老人。

  B,退休家庭的志愿工作者。

  C,具有MBA或法律文凭的大学毕业生。

  D,通晓老年学的专业人士。

  上一题考查了第二段的第二句,现在全文还剩下第二段第三句和最后一段没有考查。第二段第三句较难理解,出题可能性大。最后一段过于简单,不太可能在最后一道题中考查它的内容,而很可能会在最后一题考查对全篇的理解。

  观察这道题的问句,与第二段第三句有一定联系,答案很可能出自这里。

  Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money.这个句子的主语是student,后面是一个定语从句,把学生限定为具有老年学的专业知识,同时又有MBA或法律学位的学生。要注意 这里使用了say,意即MBA和法律学位只是例举而已,通指具有某些专业文凭的学生(当然是比较热门的专业)。谓语部分是will have,这没有理解问题。宾语是a license to print money,表面意思是印刷金钱的牌照,但一个学生怎么可能有印刷钱币的权力呢?这里运用了夸张的手法,言下之意是这样的学生赚的钱就像印钞机印出来的一 样多。这个意思和题目中的make big money是一致的,可见答案就在这句话当中具有老年学的专业知识,同时具备热门专业的文凭。

  A和B与此相去甚远,C缺少了老年学的专业知识。D较为合理,既提到老年学,又指出专业知识,四个选项只能选择D。不过,出题者如能在这个选项中特别交代D是某些热门领域的professionals,则会更为贴切,因为文中所例举的两个例子都是热门专业,即便不学老年学也是前途光明,作者只用了say表示例举,没有直接概括出是什么样的专业文凭,但其言下之意必是指热门专业。想想看,一个学了哲学或考古学同时具备老年学知识的professional,怎么可能赚钱犹如印钞机印钞呢?

  35. A

  题目问从文中可以看出,美国老年人口的增长会

  A,为许多领域带来良好的工作机会。

  B,为社会增添难以承受的负担。

  C,可能会带来疗养院虐待和年龄歧视现象。

  D,将会促使大学开创新的研究领域。

  这种全篇理解题没有特别地针对哪一段,只能用排除法对各选项一个一个地排错。

  A的说法可以在文中找到多处着落点,the graying of America means jobs(美国人的老去意味着工作机会),it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well(老龄化现象也为医疗职业、法律、商业领域创造了工作机会),因此A的说法是正确的。

  与B相关的句子是The change poses profound questions for government and society,但profound是意义深远的意思,指解决难度大或牵扯面较广较深等,并不是说让社会无法承受。因此B不对。

  与C相关的句子是Lawyers can specialize in elder law, which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and agediscrimination,这里是说如果律师精通老年学的话,就可以受理疗养院虐待和年龄歧视这样的案子。文章并没有说此类案子是随着老龄人口增多才出现的,而是在强调老年学知识对受理这类案子的重要性。

  第一段有一句the University of Southern Californias School of Gerontology,这是某大学老年学学院的名字,从这里可以推断出老年学早已成为大学研究课题。D是错误的。   Passage Four

  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

  The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.

  The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.

  But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. The thought that Im in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness, Ms. Elshtain says.

  Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.

  In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.

  The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament for some nonexistent golden age, Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.

  Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought.

  36. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ________.

  A) have adapted to a new set of moral standards

  B) are longing for the return of the good old days

  C) have realized the importance of material things

  D) are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards(D)

  37. The moral decline of American society is caused manly by ________.

  A) its growing wealth

  B) the self-centeredness of individuals

  C) underestimating the impact of social changes

  D) the prejudice against women and minorities(B)

  38. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?

  A) Great mobility.

  B) Concern for ones neighbors.

  C) Emphasis on individual effort.

  D) Ever-weakening social bonds.(B)

  39. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________.

  A) was something unheard of

  B) was by no means a rare occurrence

  C) attracted a lot of pubic attention

  D) began to appear in analysts data(A)

  40. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.

  A) if people can return to the golden age

  B) when women and mean enjoy equal rights

  C) when people rid themselves of prejudice

  D) if less emphasis is laid on material things(D)

  这篇材料讲的是美国社会的道德衰落问题。第一个小段首先提到社会道德衰落的问题终于受到了普通民众的关注(at last captured the attention of average Americans)。之后的一段则说明了这种现象的出现会带来什么影响:is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it,意思是普通民众的关注会促进新想法的产生,从而有助于解决道德衰落问题。

  然而道德衰落问题的解决绝非说起来那么容易,第三段说明了这里存在的主要障碍是物质主义和个人主义在美国社会的泛滥(Materialism and individualism in American society),专家认为这些思想在美国的国民意识中已经根深蒂固(deeply rooted in the national consciousness)。

  那么是什么造成了个人主义的泛滥呢?下一段认为部分原因是传统社区的解体(disintegration of traditional communities)。在传统社区中,邻里邻居会互相关照,而今天,人口流动性大和普遍的双职工现象使人们的联系不再那么紧密(greater mobility and with so many couples working),个人转而受到了更多的重视。

  解析完原因之后,作者又把话题转了回来,重新说明开头的论题:美国民众对道德衰落的关注。作者援引1996年的一次问卷调查,指出道德衰落是美国所面临的最大问题,而后借某位专家之口做出评析:民众确实有理由对道德衰落投以关注,因为现在的很多问题,比如班级暴力等在五十年代是闻所未闻的。

  下面的一段比较难于理解。The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament for some nonexistent golden age,主语比较简单,指的就是民众对道德提升的要求。Lament是挽歌的意思,nonexistent golden age是不存在的黄金时代。可以这么理解,在说话人看来,曾经的道德水平较高的时代并不能算是一个黄金时代,所以称之为nonexistent,而lament for则 意味着这一时代的终结,否则不会出现这个时代的挽歌。总的意思是:民众对道德提升的要求,并不代表一个黄金时代的结束;反过来理解就是,因为过去那个时代 的道德水平较高,可以被某些人看做是黄金时代(在说话人看来不是),而现在民众们都在要求提升社会道德,说明社会道德水平较高的时代已经不存在了。

  nor is it a wishful longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities字面意思是也不是对一个时代的渴望,这个时代没有给女人和少数民族机会。从这句话可以看出,在过去的那个时代,虽然道德水平较高,但是却存在歧视女性和少数民族的现象,作者认为现在的人们希求的不是那样的一个时代。后面的一句指出,现在的人们希望减少歧视。

  材料最后一段指明解决道德衰落问题的基本方向:find ways to counter the materialism in society。最后一句也存在理解问题,You recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought,这里需要注意的是matter的意思,matter是不及物动词,其发出者是things,意思是那些要紧的事情,真正有意义的事情。

  36. D

  题目问这位教授非常高兴地看到美国人

  A,适应了一套新的道德标准。

  B,渴望回到美好的过去。

  C,已经意识到物质的重要性。

  D,对他们道德标准的衰落事实正在醒悟。

  可以看到题目提到了教授的pleased(高兴),这是一个限定点,在文章中的直接描述是第一段最后一句(And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad)。这样可以断定这道题考查的是文章的第一句话。为了便于理解,可以把破折号中间的句子去掉。这句话的主语是道德标准的下降(decline in moral standards),谓语是capture(抓住),宾语是普通美国人的关注。那么意思很清楚了:普通美国人关注起了道德标准的下降。四个答案中D是正确的。

  37. B

  题目问美国社会的道德衰落主要是由什么引起的。

  A,美国不断增长的财富。

  B,个人的自我中心主义。

  C,对社会变迁影响的低估。

  D,对妇女和少数民族的偏见。

  文章第三段是对道德衰落原因的分析。Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles,从这句可以看出物质主义和个人主义这两点是美国社会最大的障碍,也是引发道德衰落的原因。Materialism,物质主义,指对物 质财富的崇尚,和财富本身的增长没有直接联系(比如纵使财富增长,人们却并不崇尚财富),因此A的说法不对。

  个人的自我中心主义应该属于individualism,因此B的说法正确。

  第三段第一句话与C的说法有关。the challenge is not to be underestimated,挑战不应被低估。这里的挑战就是指的Materialism和individualism。出题人在这里用了一招障眼法,把challenge换成了形近的change,相信眼尖的考生不会上当。

  D所述的the prejudice against women and minorities出现在倒数第二段,根据篇章分析对这一段的说明,这种歧视现象是过去那个道德水平较高时代的现象,因此绝不会是它引起了现今道德水平的下降。

  38. B

  题目问下列哪一项属于传统社区的特点。

  A,高流动性。

  B,对邻居的关心。

  C,对个人努力的重视。

  D,不断弱化的社会联系。

  上一段考查的是第三小段,这一段应该考查第四或第五段了。从内容来看,第四小段谈到了传统社区的情况,因此答案应该就在第四段。

  首先来看第一句,Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says。主句的意思是部分原因可以归于传统社区的解体,后面的从句用来对传统社区进行限定(in which中的which指代的就是传统社区),意思是在传统社区中,邻居们会互相关照。由此可见,对邻居的关照是传统社区的特点。这样答案就很清楚了,B的意思与此一致。

  其他三个选项考查对第四段后半部分的理解。With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self,这里提到了高流动性(greater mobility),高流动性实际应该是指人口居住地不断变化,邻居之间相处时间不会很长,也就无法培养良好关系,当然也不会互相关心互相照料。可以说A 是造成C和D的原因之一(另一原因是双职工夫妻二人都去上班,也就很少有机会和邻居交往),而C和D都是现今社会的特点,不是传统社区的特点。

  39. A

  题目问在20世纪50年代,班级暴力如何如何。

  A,闻所未闻。

  B,绝非偶然发生。

  C,吸引了公众很多关注。

  D,开始出现在分析家们的数据中。

  classroom violence出现在第五段的最后一句,那么应该首先去第五段寻找答案。整个句子是这样的:Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers,开头是数据表明,后面是数据所显示的内容。Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s,美国人正在同许多问题做斗争,这些问题在五十年代闻所未闻(unheard of),such as表示例举,说明classroom violence是problems的一个例子。

  四个选项中A肯定是正确的。B的说法与A正好相反(by no means,绝非;rare,极少。双重否定等于肯定,也就是说班级暴力在五十年代经常发生),是错误的。C的说法与A相互矛盾,既然闻所未闻,也就不可能投入关注。

  D有一定迷惑性,按照句意,班级暴力肯定存在于分析家的数据中,因为句头就有data show。但要注意,题目的开头有一句In the 1950s,也就是说班级暴力进入分析家的数据是在50年代。班级暴力在那时尚且闻所未闻,当然是不可能进入分析数据的。

  40. D

  题目问根据Elshtain的说法,当前的道德衰落在什么情况下会反转(也就是变衰落为提升)。

  A,如果人们能够回到黄金时代。

  B,当男性与女性享有同等的权利。

  C,当人们消除了偏见。

  D,当物质较少受到重视的时候。

  看了题目以后,可以发现最后一段的第一句话直接提到了Moral decline和reversed:Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society。这里使用了一个not until句式,这种句式与中国人的思维相差较大,可以把not去掉、until换成when来理解。这样的话,句意就很明显了:道德衰落出现反转是在人们发现对付社会流行的物质主义的方法的时候。这个意思应该说与D非常接近,应该选D。

  A、B、C考查的都是倒数第二段的内容。篇章分析已经对这一段进行了详细说明。   2002.6

  Passage One

  Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

  In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like serious illness of a family member were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.

  By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like Stress causes illness! If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.

  But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, manylike the death of a loved oneare impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.

  The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity . But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.

  21. The result of Holmes-Rahes medical research tells us ________.

  A) the way you handle major events may cause stress

  B) what should be done to avoid stress

  C) what kind of event would cause stress

  D) how to cope with sudden changes in life(C)

  22. The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to ________.

  A) widespread concern over its harmful effects

  B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause

  C) an intensive research into stress-related illnesses

  D) popular avoidance of stressful jobs(A)

  23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.

  A) how much pressure you are under

  B) how positive events can change your life

  C) how stressful a major event can be

  D) how you can deal with life-changing events(A)

  24. Why is such simplistic advice impossible to follow?

  A) No one can stay on the same job for long.

  B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.

  C) People have to get married someday.

  D) You could be missing opportunities as well.(D)

  25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________.

  A) nervous when faced with difficulties

  B) physically and mentally strained

  C) more capable of coping with adversity

  D) indifferent toward what happens to them(C)

  这篇材料讲了一个压力对人是否有害的问题。文章从六十年代一项有关压力的医学研究讲起,称研究的结果是any major change can be stressful(任何大的变迁都会引起压力)。文章随后对这个结论做了解释,称这种大的变迁可以是消极事件,如家人患重病(Negative events like serious illness of a family member),但也可以是积极事件,如结婚等(positive life-changing events, like marriag)。作者由此分析了这项研究的特点,其所涉及的不是如何应对压力,而是压力的多少问题(it only shows how much you have to deal with)。第一段的最后一句具有承上启下的作用,作者说我们现在知道,处理压力事件的方式会极大地影响人的健康程度(the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy),暗示后文要对如何应对压力展开论述。

  第二段前两句讲到,七十年代初,类似的研究大量出现,并受到了人们广泛的关注。这可以说是促成了如何应对压力这一问题的答案的产生。一家杂志称 压力会引发疾病,保持身心健康的方法就是避开压力事件(If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy avoid stressful events)。

  这家杂志的两个观点在作者看来并不正确,作者在后面的两段里对杂志的观点进行了反驳。第三段首先反驳的是保持身心健康的方法就是避开压力事件这 一观点。首先,许多压力事件无法避免,比如所爱之人的去世(like the death of a loved oneare impossible to avoid)。第二,回避压力事件的确会消除困扰,但同时也失去了相应的机会(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble)。比如,一个人如果想彻底和压力绝缘,那他就失去了结婚、生子、转职、搬迁的机会。

  最后一段反驳了压力会引发疾病的观点。首先,这一观点预设了一个前提,即我们在逆境面前都是不堪一击的(were all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity),这就忽视了人类的能动性和创造性。事实上,人们在成功应对压力之后,往往会增强身心的活力(Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before)。第二,长时期的一成不变、回避挑战,也会使人产生厌倦感,导致身心损伤(can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain)。

  21. C

  题目问Holmes-Rahe的医学研究结果告诉我们什么。

  文章对这一研究的说明是在第一段,本题又是第一题,所以答案应该在第一段就可找到。

  A,你处理重要事件的方式可能会引发压力。这一选项应该与第一段最后一句有关:And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy,因为这里也出现了方式(way)问题。需要注意的是这一句出现了now一词,表示that引导的观点是如今的想法,而不是六十年的医学研究的成果。

  B,为避免压力应如何去做。纵观第一段,没有出现避免压力的内容。

  C,何种事件会引发压力。第一段第一句话指出这项研究的结果是一张压力事件的清单,言下之意也就是什么事件会引发压力。那么到底什么样的事件会引发压力呢?第二句给出答案:any major change can be stressful,任何大的事件。由此可见,该项研究的结果恰好告诉了我们C所说的内容。

  D,如何应对人生中的剧烈变化。文中说得很清楚:does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows how much you have to deal with,该研究反映的不是如何应对压力,而是要应对多少压力。

  22. A

  文章提到七十年代的研究是在第二段。第一句指出相似研究广泛开展。第二句说明了这些研究的影响:millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports,这一句和A的表述基本一致。Millions与widespread对应,worried 和concern对应,不同的是原文没有说明压力是否存在有害影响。Harmful effects的着落在后文可以找到:Stress causes illness,压力会引发疾病。这样的话,A的说法与文章所述完全一致,应该选择A。

  B所说的panic(恐慌)与文中的worry(担忧)词意相距较远;另外,文中mentally healthy是笼统说法,精神疾病不见得就是mental disorder(精神紊乱)。

  C说法在文中没有提到。

  第二段最后一句出现了avoid stressful events,但这是杂志的一项建议,该建议是否被人们广泛采纳在文中没有说明,不能凭空推理。因此D不对。

  23. A

  题目问Holmes-Rahe测试的分数说明什么。

  A,你承受了多少压力。

  B,积极事件会在多大程度上改变你的生活。

  C,一个重要事件可以带来多大的压力。

  D,你可以如何来应对那些改变生活的事件。

  注意第一段When you take theHolmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows how much you have to deal with这句,这句话意思很容易理解:当你参加这项测试时,你必须记住,分数并不反映你如何应对压力,它仅仅显示出你要应对多少压力。这句话与题目相关性 很强,出现了score(分数)一词,可以说是题目的直接答案。A的说法与此一致,应该选A;D的说法正好是该句所否定的,直接排除。B提到的积极事件是 作者举出的一个例子,用来说明无论积极事件还是消极事件都会给人带来巨大压力。文章并没有论述积极事件改变生活的程度。C有一定的迷惑性,原因就是对原文 中how much的理解容易出现偏差,一不小心就会理解成多大而不是多少。文中pressure是不可数名词,表示它的多少用how much。之所以不能理解为多大,是因为第二句和第三句已经说明了测试的结果:所有大事件都可以带来压力这实际上说的就是压力的多少而不是多大。

  24. D

  题目问such simplistic advice(如此简单的建议)为何不可能采纳。

  A,没有人可以在同一份工作上干很长时间。

  B,在缓解压力的问题上没有有效的药方。

  C,人们总会在某一天结婚。

  D,同时你也会失去机会。

  such simplistic advice is impossible to follow是第三段的总起句,起着概括第三段段意的作用。其后的三句话表达了两条论据来支持总起句。第一条是许多压力事件是根本无法避免的(如the death of a loved one)。第二条是回避压力的同时也错失了机会(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble),第三句话为第二条举了具体的例子,即一个害怕压力的人恐怕就不要结婚生子、跳槽搬迁了。

  A的说法在这二条中没有提到,可以排除。B考查对第三句话的理解,C考查对最后一句的理解,但都是错误的。D的说法恰好是文中所述的第二个论据。

  25. C

  题目问根据这篇材料,经历过人生起伏的人们可能会

  A,面对困难时会感到紧张。

  B,精神上、肉体上都会感到紧张。

  C,更能应对困境。

  D,对发生在身上的事情无动于衷。

  最后一题往往考查对最后一段或者全篇的理解,从题干中的ups and downs来看,因为前文没有明确论述过ups and downs,所以本题考查最后一段的可能性大。而观察四个题支,其所述内容在前面几段基本没有提及,由此可以断定本题答案在最后一段。

  最后一段可以找到一句话和题干所述的意义非常接近:Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before。这里的come through periods of stress应该等同于experienced ups and downs,而with more physical and mental vigor than they had before则是经历过人生起伏后的结果,也就是肉体和精神上更具活力。

  四个选项中C的说法与此最为接近。B较有迷惑性,但要注意strained是指紧张的、疲倦的,和文意的更有活力恰好相反。   Passage Three

  Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

  It is hard to track the blue whale, the oceans largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.

  So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navys formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.

  Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.

  Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they plan similar studies.

  Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.

  The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a secondslower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patients chest to a doctors ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.

  31. The passage is chiefly about ________.

  A) an effort to protect an endangered marine species

  B) the civilian use of a military detection system

  C) the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weapon

  D) a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales(B)

  32. The underwater listening system was originally designed ________.

  A) to trace and locate enemy vessels

  B) to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions

  C) to study the movement of ocean currents

  D) to replace the global radio communications network(A)

  33. The deep-sea listening system makes use of ________.

  A) the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under water

  B) the capability of sound to travel at high speed

  C) the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound

  D) low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water(C)

  34. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

  A) new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales

  B) blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system

  C) opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology

  D) military technology has great potential in civilian use(D)

  35. Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?

  A) It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.

  B) It has been replaced by a more advanced system.

  C) It became useless to the military after the cold war.

  D) It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.(A)

  这篇材料讲的是美国军用技术的民用化。开头用追踪蓝鲸的例子来引出一个问题,即水下跟踪技术的难度颇高。这就不免引起人们对问题解决方法的关注,而第二段就顺理成章地介绍最近发生的一件事,此事给第一段的问题提供了解决办法:科学家成功地追踪了一条蓝鲸43天,并监听了它的声音。成功的关键就是应用了美国海军曾经的水下监听绝密设备(because of the Na

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