In the last two hundred years there have been great changes in the method of production of goods. This is now also true of the building industry; for mechanization has been introduced. System building can save both time and money. The principle of system building is that the building is made from a set of standard units. These are either made at the building-site or at a factory. Some designers, in fact, are standardizing the dimensions of rooms. They are made in multiples of a single fixed length, usually ten centimeters. This is called a modular system, and it means that manufactures can produce standardized fittings at a lower cost. The most important fact about system building is its speed. A ten-storey flat, for example, can be completed in four months.
There are several new methods of system building. One is the panel method. In this case, the construction company sometimes erects a factory on the site. The walls and floors of the building, called panels, are cast in a horizontal or vertical position. Conduits for electrical wires and sleeves for pipes are cast in the panels when they are being made. The moulds for making these castings are situated all around the building.
After the concrete panels are cast, they are allowed to set and harden for a week. Next they are lifted by a tower crane on to any section of the building. There the panels are cemented together at their joints and the floor covering is laid.
After the panels have been cemented together, the crane lifts a case into the area. It contains all the fittings to be installed, such as wash-basins, radiators and pipes. Finishing tradesmen, such as plumbers, plasterers, painters and electricians, follow behind to complete the work.
In some building developments, in some countries, whole flats with internal features like their bathrooms, bedrooms and connecting stairs, and weighing as much as twenty tons, are carried to the building-site ready-made. A giant overhead crane is used to lift them into position. In the future, this method may become more widespread.
1. The main difference between panel method and the method discussed in the last paragraph is_______.
A. the latter uses ready-made internal features
B. panels are cast in a level position
C. the former is used to build walls and floors while the latter to construct bathrooms or bedrooms
D. the former is more expensive than the latter
2. Which of these statements is TRUE of system building?
A. It employs more men. B. It is difficult and dangerous.
C. It can save both time and money. D. It means less mechanization.
3. According to the passage, the principle of system building is that_______.
A. construction methods are safer
B. buildings are made from a set of standardized units
C. similar buildings can be produced
D. all units are produced on the site
4. The usual fixed length in the modular system is_______.
A. twenty centimeters B. ten millimeters
C. fifty centimeters D. ten centimeters
5. What lifts the concrete panels onto the building?
A. Cranes. B. Man-power.
C. Pulleys. D. Hydraulic jacks.
参考答案: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
雅思听力高分需要学会预测方法
雅思听力备考的11个秘诀(上)
雅思听力备考方法:听力习惯篇
雅思听力材料:伟大的作曲家(BBC纪录片)
雅思听力旅游、交通、娱乐场景常考词汇
雅思听力材料:伟大的作曲家-贝多芬(视频)
雅思听力高频场景词汇:看病场景
雅思听力高频场景词汇:新生报到场景
雅思听力中的经典小词整理(1)
雅思听力的新概念魔鬼训练法
雅思听力地图题的考点对策
有效提高雅思听力的四条建议
课下如何自己复习雅思听力?
雅思听力高频场景词汇:银行场景
雅思听力长段落的精听步骤
详解雅思听力中的替换原则
提高雅思听力水平的训练法宝
雅思听力大小写的问题讨论
雅思听力备考的立体训练技巧
雅思听力填空题的解题关键:单词
雅思听力复习需要做到的四会
雅思听力训练的三原则和四个字
雅思听力常考的各国地名汇总
八个策略助你拿雅思听力高分
浅谈雅思听力中的语音与语速
雅思听力考试高频词组100组(附例句)
雅思听力高效训练方法:立体训练法
雅思听力材料:旷世杰作的秘密(BBC纪录片)
雅思阅读考试的小建议(英)
雅思听力观点题的解法及应用
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |