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A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically proved by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist , in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any reason. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, lets say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refused any kind of social obligation.
This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless, from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.
But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in inter-personal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
26.People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to ________.
A) the slow development of the economy
B) the poor and jobless peoples own faults
C) the lack of responsibility on the part of society
D) the large number of people who were not well-educated
27.Now it is widely accepted that ________.
A) the present system of social insurance should be improved
B) everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any reason
C) everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the country
D) people have to change their attitude towards the poor
28.The writer argues that a system of social insurance should ________.
A) provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployed
B) encourage people to take on more social obligations
C) guarantee everyone the right to be employed
D) provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period
29.The word fallacy means ________.
A) doubt
B) fact
C) strong argument
D) wrong belief
30.According to the writer, a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum ________.
A) demands too much from society
B) makes freedom of contract impossible
C) helps people take interest in their work
D) helps bring about changes in the relationship among people
参考答案:cbbdd
be going to / will
一般现在时表将来
used to / be used to
“get+过去分词”的四个特点
由“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
get+过去分词表被动
need/want/require/worth
修饰被动语态的副词一定要放在中间吗
介绍一种特殊的被动结构
8种常用时态的被动语态
表示“据说”的三类被动句型
何时使用被动语态
被动语态的主要用法
allow什么情况下不能用于被动式
现在完成时
有关被动语态的几个重要考点
take place等能用于被动语态吗
关于主动形式表示被动意义
主动语态变被动语态的方法
since的四种用法
英语不用被动语态几种的情形
比较过去时与现在完成时
英语两类有用的被动句型
动词的语态
不用于被动语态的情形
也谈主动形式表被动含义
被动形式表示主动意义
主动表被动的常见情形
两类被动句型的转换
带双宾语动词的被动语态有何规律
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