英语六级考试标准的阅读8

　　Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is saidthe words. Words do provide us with some information， but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling. Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner， This step has to be fixed before Ill buy. The owner says， Its been like that for years. Actually， the step hasnt been like that for years， but the unspoken message is： I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you? The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it， when it occurred， the related conditions or situation， and how it was said.

　　When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example， a person who says No! to a serials of charges like Youre dumb， Youre lazy， and Youre dishonest， may also say No! and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is And youre good looking.

　　We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words， If sure has been nice to have you over， can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.

　　1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners， if ___.

　　A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.

　　B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.

　　C.they try to understand each others ideas beyond words.

　　D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.

　　2.Im letting off some steam in paragraph 1 means___.

　　A.Im just calling your attention.

　　B.Im just kidding.

　　C.Im just saying the opposite.

　　D.Im just giving off some sound.

　　3.The house-owners example shows that he actually means___.

　　A.the step has been like that for years.

　　B.he doesnt think it necessary to fix the step.

　　C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.

　　D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.

　　4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical， but are justifiable if___.

　　A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.

　　B.seen as ones habitual pattern of behavior.

　　C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.

　　D.expressed to a series of charges.

　　5.The word ritualistically in the last paragraph equals something done___.

　　A.without true intention.

　　B.light-heartedly.

　　C.in a way of ceremony.

　　D.with less emphasis.

　　答案：ＤＢＡＢＣ