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We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslger, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could mot. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
注:1. vulnerable易受伤害的
2. immune defense 免疫系统
3. found之后是试验告诉我们的观点
4. depress压抑,de往下
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
注:1. 看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。
2. passive被动的
21. Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______.
A) was strengthened
B) was not affected
C) was altered
D) was weakened
注:定位文章第一段found之后
22. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ______.
A) try to control unpleasant stimuli
B) turn off the electricity
C) become abnormally suspicious
D) behave passively in controllable situations
注:定位第二段But之后那句话
23. The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that ______ .
A) they disliked its taste
B) it affected their immune systems
C) it led to stomach pains
D) they associated it with stomachaches
22. The first paragraph is mainly about _____.
the teenagers criticism of their parents
misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
the dominance of the parents over their children
the teenagers ability to deal with crises
注:段落主旨,B和C只说了一部分。
新版gre作文新题库解析-issue24
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新版gre作文新题库解析-issue21
gre issue写作优秀实例:直接和间接经验
gre argument69提纲分析汇总
新版gre写作新题库:argument24
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新版gre作文新题库解析-issue41
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新版gre作文新题库解析-issue16
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新版gre写作新题库:argument17
新版gre作文新题库解析-issue33
gre issue写作优秀实例:了解社会的方式
新版gre写作新题库:argument22
新版gre写作新题库:argument13
gre issue写作优秀实例:丑闻
新版gre作文新题库解析-issue37
新版gre作文新题库解析-issue12
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新版gre作文新题库解析-issue15
新版gre写作新题库:argument15
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