英语六级阅读新题型模拟题(3)

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Five Problems Financial Reform Doesnt Fix

　　[A] The legislation concerning financial reform focuses on helping regulators detect and defuse the next crisis. But it doesnt address many of the underlying conditions that can cause problems.

　　[B ] The legislation gives regulators the power to oversee shadow banks and take failing firms apart? convenes a council of superregulators to watch the megafirms that pose a risk to the full financial system, and much else.

　　[C] But the bill does more to help regulators detect the next financial crisis than to actually stop it from happening. In that way, its like the difference between improving public health and improving medicine: The bill focuses on helping the doctors who figure out when youre sick and how to get you better rather than on the conditions that contribute to whether you get sick in the first place.

　　[D] That is to say, many of the weaknesses and imbalances that led to the financial crisis will survive our regulatory response, and its important to keep that in mind. So here are five we still have to watch out for:

　　1. The Global Glut of Savings

　　[E] One of the leading indicators of a financial crisis is when you have a sustained surge in money flowing into the country which makes borrowing cheaper and easier, says Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff. Our crisis was no different: Between 1987 and 1999, our current account deficitthe measure of how much money is coming in versus going outfluctuated between 1 and 2 percent of gross domestic product. By 2006, it had hit 6 percent.

　　[F] The sharp rise was driven by emerging economies with lots of growth and few investment opportunitiesthink Chinafunneling their money to developed economies with less growth and lots of investment opportunities. But weve gotten out of the crisis without fixing it. China is still growing fast, exporting faster, and sending the money over to US.

　　2. Household Debtand Why We Need It

　　[G] The fact that money is available to borrow doesnt explain why Americans borrowed so much of it. Household debt as a percentage of GDP went from a bit less than 60 percent at the beginning of the 1990s to a bit less than 100 percent in 2006. This is where I come to income inequality, says Raghuram Rajan, an economist at the University of Chicago. A large part of the population saw relatively stagnant incomes over the 1980s and 1990s. Credit was so welcome because it kept people who were falling behind reasonably happy. You were keeping up, even if your income wasnt.

　　[H] Incomes, of course, are even more stagnant now that unemployment is at 9 percent. And that pain isn，t being shared equally: inequality has actually risen since before the recession, as joblessness is proving sticky among the poor, but recovery has been swift for the rich. Household borrowing is still more than 90 percent of GDP, and the conditions that drove it up there are, if anything, worse.

　　3. The Shadow Banking Market

　　[I] The financial crisis started out similarly severe, but it wasnt, at first, a crisis of consumers. It was a crisis of banks. It never became a crisis of consumers because consumer deposits are insured. But large investors pension funds, banks, corporations, and othersarent insured. But when they hear that their collateral is dropping in value, they demand their money back. And when everyone does that at once, its like an old-fashioned bank run: The banks can，t pay everyone off at once, so they unload all their assets to get capital, the assets become worthless because everyone is trying to unload them, and the banks collapse.

　　[J] This is an inherent problem of privately created money, says Gary Gorton, an economist at Princeton University, It is vulnerable to these kinds of runs. This year, were bringing this shadow banking system under the control of regulators and giving them all sorts of information on it and power over it, but were not doing anything like deposit insurance, where we simply make the deposits safe so runs become an anachronism.

　　4. Rich Banks

　　[K] In the 1980s, the financial sectors share of total corporate profits ranged from about 10 to 20 percent. By 2004, it was about 35 percent. Simon Johnson, an economist at MIT, recalls a conversation he had with a fund manager. The guy said to me, Simon, its so little money! You can sway senators for $10 million!? Johnson laughs ruefully .These guys [big investors ] don%t even think in millions. They think in billions.

　　[L ] What you get for that money is favors. The last financial crisis fades from memory and the public begins to focus on other things. Then the finance guys begin nudging .They hold some fundraisers for politicians, make some friends, explain how the regulations theyre under are onerous and unfair. And slowly, surely, those regulations come undone. This financial crisis will stick in our minds for a while, but not forever. And after briefly dropping to less than 15 percent of corporate profits, the financial sector has rebounded to more than 30 percent. Theyll have plenty of money with which to help their friends forget this whole nasty affair.

　　5. Lax Regulators

　　[M] The most troubling prospect is the chance that this bill, if wed passed it in 2000, wouldnt even have prevented this financial crisis. Thats not to undersell it: It wouldve given regulators more information with which to predict the crisis. But they had enough information, and they ignored it. They get caught up in boom times just like everyone else. A bubble, almost by definition, affects the regulators with the power to pop it.

　　[N] In 2005, with housing prices running far, far ahead of the historical trend, Bernanke said a housing bubble was a pretty unlikely possibility . In 2007, he said Fed officials do not expect significant spillovers from the subprime market to the rest of the economy. Alan Greenspan, looking back at the financial crisis, admitted in April that regulators have had a woeful record of chronic failure. History tells us they cannot identify the timing of a crisis, or anticipate exactly where it will be located or how large the losses and spillovers will be.

　　46. In the 1980s and 1990s people experienced no substantial increase in terms of income, which brought about the popularity of credit.

　　47. Financial crisis is a crisis of banks in that shadow banking may cause banks to fail.

　　48. The finance guys make friends with politicians in the hope of making some burdensome and unfair regulations cancelled.

　　49. The legislation concerning financial reform offers regulators the power of supervising shadow banks and disintegrating companies on the verge of bankruptcy.

　　50. In terms of the effect of unemployment, it is more deeply felt by the poor than by the rich.

　　51. Even if there was enough information to predict there would be financial crisis, the regulators still chose to ignore it.

　　52. Emerging economies with insufficient investment opportunities have invested much money in developed countries.

　　53. Regulators with power tended to fail again and again concerning forecasting a financial crisis.

　　54. A fund manager or large investor is considered absurdly rich by an economist from MIT.

　　55. Large investors, deposits can be made safer if shadow banking system is under the control of regulators.