Is language, like food, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes bowel like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to commect the sight and feel of, say, a toy bear with the sound pattern toy bear. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals,. Sensitivity to the childs non verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
1. The purpose of Frederick Is experiment was ____.
A. to prove that children are born with ability to speak
B. to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speak
C. to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
2. The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely that ____.
A. they are incapable of learning language rapidly
B. they are exposed to too much language at once
C. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
D. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
3. What is particularly remarkable about a child is that ____.
A. he is born with the capacity to speak
B. he has a brain more complex than an animals
C. he can produce his own sentences
D. he owes his speech ability to good nursing
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B. The childs brain is highly selective.
C. Most children learn their language in definite stages.
D. All the above
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ____in future.
A. have a high IQ B. be less intelligent
C. be insensitive to verbal signals D. not necessarily be backward
雅思听力常见题型的解题指南:Maps
雅思听力常见题型的答题要点说明
雅思听力学习的六大误区:培训有必要
雅思听力必备的重点学科词汇
怎样提高雅思听力:多听多练是基本原则
高效突破雅思听力的备考策略
雅思听力常考场景词分类
雅思听力冲刺备考技巧分享
从剑桥雅思中透析雅思听力的评分标准
雅思听力常见题型的解题指南:Checking
全面提高雅思听力首先要注意这三点
浅谈雅思听力考试中审题的重要性
浅谈雅思听力备考中必经的四个阶段
雅思听力选择题的解题步骤
雅思听力的6条实用小贴士分享(英)
雅思听力训练的几个问题
雅思听力学习的六大误区
四大雅思听力题型解题技巧
如何抓到雅思听力中的关键信息
雅思听力地图题型词汇整理
雅思听力常见题型的解题要点:填表题
雅思听力电话号码考点的7个解题窍门
雅思听力不仅要听懂内容 还要有背景知识
雅思听力常见题型的解题指南:Gap Filling
提高雅思听力需要先解决词汇的问题
雅思听力常见题型的解题指南:Picture
雅思听力解题法宝:替换和正态分布原则
雅思听力训练讲究三原则、四个字
雅思听力备考不能少的实用技巧
雅思听力:排除杂音和干扰的能力如何培养
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |