Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes x rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. The dream of building an x ray microscope dates to back 1895; its development, however was virtually halted in the 1940s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940s, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that poss ible with a visible light microscope, while the performance of x ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in x ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the developmen t of new sources of x ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times tha t of x ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft x rays.The new x ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscope, x ray microscope enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so called soft x rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms , is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in ma ny cases. Because of the wavelength of the x rays used, soft x ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light and electron based instruments.
下半年英语六级考试听力的核心词汇十
六级听力的备考:英语六级听力讲义与笔记(四)
六级听力备考:英语六级听力的讲义与笔记(二)
六级听力应试技巧的详述:综述及对话部分
英语六级考试练习听力的两大方法
英语六级听力破题的指导:短文听力与听写
六级听力备考:英语六级听力的讲义与笔记(六)
英语六级听力做题技巧及例题分析:复合式的听写
大学英语六级考试听力复习难点及备考的技巧
英语六级听力的技巧:从真题中发现解题规律
英语六级听力备考的技巧:听力小对话神蒙原则
六级听力-复习难点及备考的技巧
下半年英语六级考试听力核心的词汇五
下半年英语六级考试听力的核心词汇九
李瑛老师-六级听力笔记的大纲
怎样在六级的考试中取得高分
下半年英语六级考试听力核心的词汇二
名师总结六级听力的策略
下半年英语六级考试听力核心的词汇四
在线:六级听力的复合听写提高练习方法
六级听力备考:英语六级听力的讲义与笔记(十一)
英语六级听力的全真模拟题(01)
英语六级听力过关技巧及例题的分析(10)
大学英语六级考试听力的冲刺计划
大学英语6级听力的模拟试题(2)
英语六级的听力突破的训练(9)
大学英语六级考试听力核心的词汇
英语六级听力全真的模拟题(02)
英语六级听力破题的指导:短对话与长对话
6级听力-复习的四大技巧
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |