Protecting Against Poverty
Conditions in the Late Nineteenth Century.
In the great cities of the nineteenth century slum dwellers crowded into foul-smelling tenements , worked in sweatshop industries, and were victims of such working and living conditions as seemed beyond any power to remedy or change. The tenements, four to six stories high, crowded along alleys, which served as air-shafts. Only a few of the rooms faced the alley; the majority of the rooms had access to neither light nor air. There was little or no inside plumbing, and frequently there was but a single sink with running water for an entire tenement. There were no playgrounds, no parks, and few schoolhouses in such areas. There were saloons ; there was plenty of vice and crime; and there was disease.
On New Yorks East Side, the death rate for children in 1888 was 140 per 1000. Today it is about 7 per 1000. Contagious diseases such as typhoid fever, smallpox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and tuberculosis took a frightful toll every year. In the 1890s, Jacob Riis, a Danish immigrant, began writing stories about the conditions among the poor who lived in Murderers Alley, Hells Kitchen, Poverty Gap, the Lung Blocks, and the Bowery. His book, How the Other Half Lives, stirred the conscience of the nation. People on other parts of the country began to see that the conditions in New York which he so vividly described might also exist in the cities where they lived.
In rural districts the poor found life equally hard. Hamlin Garland, novelist of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, wrote graphically of the hardships of life on the Middle Border. He described the hard work on the farm. There was no romance in getting up at five oclock in the morning with the temperature thirty degrees below zero. It required military discipline to get us out of bed in a chamber warmed only by the stovepipe, to draw on icy socks and frosty boots and go to milking cows.
The Salvation Army.
In times of distress poor people were chiefly dependent upon private charities, political clubs, and religious organizations for charity.
The Salvation Army, which had its beginning in England, was also organized in America in 1879. It was more than a religious organization concerned with the spreading of Christian faith among the poor and the outcasts of society. Its workers went into the slums and worked among the poor and destitute. Long before the twentieth century this organization had set up employment agencies, lodging houses for the homeless, soup kitchens for the hungry, and was carrying on a whole program of social service for those in need. Its little chapels and houses of refuge were to be found in every city.
国际英语资讯:Merkel stresses sustainable growth ahead of G20 summit
体坛英语资讯:Ronaldo: Maradona the greatest′
国内英语资讯:Vice Premier urges globalization of traditional Chinese medicine
这些小迹象表明你的另一半有情感施虐倾向
老外在中国:东京人都知道北京自行车多
国内英语资讯:How do officials, experts view Xis upcoming visit to Russia?
去香港不可不尝的14道美食
苹果CEO库克在麻省理工学院2017毕业典礼上的演讲
国内英语资讯:Vice premier highlights food safety
引俗语、话古训、打比方,习近平勉励港人致辞中的智慧
国内英语资讯:China Focus: CPC sets anti-corruption records over past five years
体坛英语资讯:Jebet targets at new world record
国内英语资讯:Xinhua Insight: After almost a century, the CPC story remains one of success
国际英语资讯:Egypt sentences 20 to death for killing policemen in 2013
国内英语资讯:Spotlight: Xis visits to Russia, Germany to boost global economic cooperation
国际英语资讯:Japans ruling LDP suffers historical defeat in Tokyo assembly election
体坛英语资讯:Feyenoord cash in on Karsdorp move to AS Roma
《阿凡达2》将采用裸眼3D技术 不戴3D眼镜可看
国内英语资讯:Chinese-built dam in Cote dIvoire officially starts power generation
国内英语资讯:China to launch 2nd heavy-lift carrier rocket
《超脑48小时》电影精讲(视频)
国内英语资讯:China solicits public opinions on draft national anthem law
中国没有好资讯,经济为何迅猛?
国内英语资讯:Chinas summer railway transport peak period begins
习近平在庆祝香港回归祖国20周年大会暨香港特别行政区第五届政府就职典礼上的讲话
强降雨持续 长江部分支流超历史最高水位
好暖心!英国患癌女童“嫁给”好友 办童话婚礼
体坛英语资讯:PSG extend Marquinhos contract until 2022
国内英语资讯:Chinese presidents special envoy attends Helmut Kohls memorial ceremony
国内英语资讯:Senior officials pledge closer cooperation between Chinas northeast, Russias Far East
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |