大学英语六级讲义与笔记:阅读部分(一)

　　六级与四级的区别：

　　一、词词汇量5500。

　　二、句出题考长句子。

　　三、段所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But, Yet, However 转折连词后面是重点，常考点。

　　四、选项有迷惑选项，不像四级那么清晰。

　　原文重现：原文告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感觉和想象。

　　尽量少读：六级更多的对点出题，而不是对面出题。

　　六级题型：

　　1. 主旨题(Sum Up/Title)--看文章每段第一句

　　24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?

　　A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.

　　B) Labour and the effects of automation.

　　C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.

　　D) Social benefits of automation.

　　注：文章三段第一句都出现automation，两段出现labour，因此这两个词是重点，必然在选项中出现。

　　Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.

　　注：refers to 下定义

　　Labours concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.

　　注：labour 雇员

　　To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.

　　注：union 工会，和雇员有关

　　2. 词汇题找词所在句子关系

　　转折关系。例如：六级很难，但是，找转折连词But, Yet, However。

　　并列关系。例如：A and B，问A就把B内容填进去。

　　解释关系。用because和从句in which等联系。

　　例如：

　　30. An identifying figure refers to a person ______.

　　A) who serves as a model for others

　　B) who is always successful

　　C) who can be depended upon

　　D) who has been rewarded for his success

　　(文章前四段省略)

　　Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.

　　注：把握and前后是并列关系。

　　3. 细节题--直接细节、因果推理、暗示

　　例如：

　　31. It is implied that fifty years ago ____________ .

　　A) eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories

　　B) twenty percent of American intellectuals were employees

　　C) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers

　　D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers

　　34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _______ .

　　A) less important than awareness of being a good employee

　　B) as important as the ability to deal with public relations

　　C) more important than employer- employee relations

　　D) as important as the ability to co- operate with others in the organization

　　Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago being employed meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper - class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

　　Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist s trade or bookkeeping . Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

　　4. 作者态度题(attitude)正负态度

　　凡是文章探讨新事物正态度

　　凡是文章探讨老事物负态度

　　例外：中立题

　　25. The writers attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.

　　A) affectionate

　　B) disapproving

　　C) approving

　　D) neutral

　　●例子：例子必出题。文章有论点-论据-论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极其重要。

　　例子开始的标志：for example，后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内容。

　　例子含义的标志：show, tell, prove, demonstrate, find, clearly