The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive attachment period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.
Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
1.This passage primarily argues that ___.
A.infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.
B.whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.
C.there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.
D.there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three.
2.The phrase predispose to (Para. 1, line 3) most probably means ___.
A.lead to
B.dispose to
C.get into
D.tend to suffer
3.According to Bowlbys analysis, it is quite possible that ___.
A.childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.
B.early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C.children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.
D.some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.
4.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that ___.
A.traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.
B.Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.
C.A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.
D.Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.
5.The writer concludes that ___.
A.it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.
B.It is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.
C.It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.
D.It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school.
九年级英语句型转换专项一
英语语法大全整本收录(三) 代词
英语语法大全整本收录(四)形容词和副词
英语中考语法(一)名词专题复习(1)
中考英语词汇练习前三册
九年级英语句型转换专项二
八年级英语用词的适当形式填空
英语语法大全整本收录(七) 动词不定式
八年级英语上单选专项练习一
英语语法大全整本收录(一)名词
九年级英语宾语从句专项练习
英语宾语从句专题复习
八年级英语同义句转换练习
九年级英语上完成句子专项练习
点击重点句式链接中考考点(三)
初中英语常用量词词组及其它词组
八年级英语现在完成时专项练习
八年级英语宾语从句练习
初中教材中的八个IT句型
八年级英语用词适当形式填空
中考英语短文填空练习二
八年级英语单项选择专项练习二
八年级英语上单选专项练习二
英语中考语法(一)名词专题复习(2)
英语语法大全整本收录(六)动名词
点击重点句式链接中考考点(二)
九年级英语上动词时态练习
英语中考语法(四)数词专题复习
从词法和句法入手巧解短文改错题
英语语法大全整本收录(二) 冠词和数词
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