英语六级(CET6)考试100条阅读难句解析:sentence 1

　　非谓语动词结构

　　常见考点突破

　　非谓语动词的概念

　　不能作谓语的动词形式就是非谓语动词，主要有一下三大类：分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词可以充当多种成分，如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。下面我们将从句法功能入手来分析这三大类非谓语动词。

　　非谓语动词的三大类型

　　分词

　　分词有两类，即现在分词和过去分词。从意义上来说，现在分词主要表示主动或进行状态;过去分体则体现被动或完成状态。分词在句中可作多种成分：

　　分词作定语。例如：

　　Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.

　　The girl standing there was crying.

　　分词作状语。例如：

　　He glanced over at her, nothing that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

　　He fired, killing one of the passers-by.

　　Being tired with the work, he sat down to rest.

　　不定式

　　不定式由to+动词原形构成，具有动词的特征，同时也有名词，形容词和副词的特征，具体属于哪个特征应视所处语境而定。

　　不定式作目的状语。例如：

　　He sent his daughter to America to learn English.

　　不定式作宾语补足语。例如：

　　We believe him to be guilty.

　　不定式作后置定语。例如：

　　The topic to be discussed at the meeting is still unknown.

　　不定式作主语。例如：

　　To know oneself is difficult.

　　不定式作表语。例如：

　　My work is to clean the room every day.

　　动名词

　　动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing，但其表达的动作意义不如现在分词强，因为动名词已经将动作名词化了，从某种意义上说，动名词就相当于名词，代词了。

　　动名词作主语。例如：

　　Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview; having the answers ready will be of great help.

　　动名词作表语。例如：

　　Her job was washing clothes.

　　动名词作宾语。例如：

　　I avoid telling Jane the truth because I knew she would be angry.

　　动名词作定语。例如：

　　A sleeping car

　　A sleeping dog

　　真题难句荟萃

　　分词

　　1. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.

　　结构分析：主干：physicians are either driven out of business or to practices

　　Physicians有前置定语primary care和who引导的定语从句修饰。句末的现在分词短语contributing作状语，表示伴随are driven而来的结果。

　　译文：不愿降低服务质量的初级护理医生要么被迫停业，要么提供只收现金的服务，这进一步加剧了初级护理服务的下滑。